{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908728746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2018-060","title":"lmridge: A Comprehensive R Package for Ridge Regression","display_name":"lmridge: A Comprehensive R Package for Ridge Regression","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908728746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2018-060","mag":"2908728746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32614/rj-2018-060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2018-060","pdf_url":"https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2018/RJ-2018-060/RJ-2018-060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489169438","display_name":"The R Journal","issn_l":"2073-4859","issn":["2073-4859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The R Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2018/RJ-2018-060/RJ-2018-060.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035900510","display_name":"Imdad Ullah Muhammad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad,Imdad Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics Bahaudding Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","Department of Statistics Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics Bahaudding Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091275818","display_name":"Muhammad Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0644-1950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics Bahaudding Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","Department of Statistics Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics Bahaudding Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082329058","display_name":"Saima Altaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0540-981X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saima Altaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","Department of Statistics Bahaudding Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics Bahaudding Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082329058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1296,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93011885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"326","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13487","display_name":"Statistical and numerical algorithms","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ridge","display_name":"Ridge","score":0.7698051929473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-package","display_name":"R package","score":0.7615071535110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4806196093559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4292146563529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3920726776123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2784305512905121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2503253221511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20373985171318054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.7698051929473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.7615071535110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4806196093559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4292146563529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3920726776123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2784305512905121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2503253221511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20373985171318054}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32614/rj-2018-060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2018-060","pdf_url":"https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2018/RJ-2018-060/RJ-2018-060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489169438","display_name":"The R Journal","issn_l":"2073-4859","issn":["2073-4859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The R Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32614/rj-2018-060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32614/rj-2018-060","pdf_url":"https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2018/RJ-2018-060/RJ-2018-060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2489169438","display_name":"The R Journal","issn_l":"2073-4859","issn":["2073-4859"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The R Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2908728746.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2908728746.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160580081","https://openalex.org/W260994251","https://openalex.org/W1201749067","https://openalex.org/W1498770729","https://openalex.org/W1522428887","https://openalex.org/W1562121192","https://openalex.org/W1567443554","https://openalex.org/W1579589741","https://openalex.org/W1832695073","https://openalex.org/W1975097801","https://openalex.org/W1975528000","https://openalex.org/W1999187230","https://openalex.org/W2014207611","https://openalex.org/W2016625818","https://openalex.org/W2017987504","https://openalex.org/W2019444724","https://openalex.org/W2019977010","https://openalex.org/W2020364685","https://openalex.org/W2023173664","https://openalex.org/W2024987078","https://openalex.org/W2036400974","https://openalex.org/W2064013109","https://openalex.org/W2066124661","https://openalex.org/W2066796151","https://openalex.org/W2070394662","https://openalex.org/W2071021959","https://openalex.org/W2093754862","https://openalex.org/W2093884902","https://openalex.org/W2137128340","https://openalex.org/W2143421694","https://openalex.org/W2145391193","https://openalex.org/W2149180047","https://openalex.org/W2158547433","https://openalex.org/W2161004045","https://openalex.org/W2164888939","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2183992723","https://openalex.org/W2263787859","https://openalex.org/W2316067166","https://openalex.org/W2332990841","https://openalex.org/W2465493330","https://openalex.org/W2525839382","https://openalex.org/W2596750046","https://openalex.org/W2736149662","https://openalex.org/W2789741286","https://openalex.org/W2797957073","https://openalex.org/W3031967244","https://openalex.org/W3148110872","https://openalex.org/W4230452299","https://openalex.org/W4231809234","https://openalex.org/W4235096090","https://openalex.org/W4236037237","https://openalex.org/W4237126118","https://openalex.org/W4238463311","https://openalex.org/W4239922747","https://openalex.org/W4244894666","https://openalex.org/W4246048519","https://openalex.org/W4246311662","https://openalex.org/W4248526756","https://openalex.org/W4249303080","https://openalex.org/W4249578957","https://openalex.org/W4251581539","https://openalex.org/W4255455317","https://openalex.org/W4255654339","https://openalex.org/W4255679024","https://openalex.org/W4256202811","https://openalex.org/W4294541781","https://openalex.org/W4299614477","https://openalex.org/W4300025484","https://openalex.org/W4301511718","https://openalex.org/W4301754034","https://openalex.org/W4399569854","https://openalex.org/W4399581935","https://openalex.org/W4399584209","https://openalex.org/W4399584280","https://openalex.org/W4399589052","https://openalex.org/W7075350300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4242029529","https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W3148196241","https://openalex.org/W1606169643","https://openalex.org/W1977912248","https://openalex.org/W3092773549","https://openalex.org/W4311995277","https://openalex.org/W2800090224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ridge":[1,44,57,72,90,110,119],"regression":[2,45],"estimator,":[3,16],"one":[4],"of":[5,30,43,49,77,99,113,118,124],"the":[6,11,18,22,33,56],"commonly":[7],"used":[8,69],"alternatives":[9],"to":[10,54,70,82,94],"conventional":[12],"ordinary":[13],"least":[14],"squares":[15],"avoids":[17],"adverse":[19],"effects":[20],"in":[21],"situations":[23],"when":[24],"there":[25],"exists":[26],"some":[27],"considerable":[28],"degree":[29],"multicollinearity":[31],"among":[32],"regressors.":[34],"There":[35],"are":[36],"many":[37],"software":[38],"packages":[39],"available":[40],"for":[41],"estimation":[42],"coefficients.":[46],"However,":[47],"most":[48],"them":[50],"display":[51],"limited":[52],"methods":[53],"estimate":[55,71],"biasing":[58,80],"parameters":[59],"without":[60],"testing":[61,117],"procedures.":[62],"Our":[63],"developed":[64],"package,":[65],"lmridge":[66,111],"can":[67],"be":[68],"coefficients":[73,85],"considering":[74],"a":[75],"range":[76],"different":[78,96],"existing":[79],"parameters,":[81],"test":[83],"these":[84,100],"with":[86],"more":[87],"than":[88],"25":[89],"related":[91,127],"statistics,":[92],"and":[93,116],"present":[95],"graphical":[97],"displays":[98],"statistics.":[101],"NCSS":[102],"SAS":[103],"Stata":[104],"StatGraphics":[105],"lrmest":[106],"ltsbase":[107],"penalized":[108],"glmnet":[109],"Standardization":[112],"regressors":[114],"Estimation":[115,121],"coefficient":[120],"Testing":[122],"SE":[123],"coef":[125],"Ridge":[126,156],"statistics":[128],"R":[129],"2":[130,132,138,144],"adj-R":[131],"m-scale":[133],"&":[134],"ISRM":[135],"Variance":[136],"Bias":[137],"MSE":[139],"F-test":[140],"Shrinkage":[141],"factor":[142],"CN":[143],"C":[145],"k":[146],"DF":[147],"EDF":[148],"Eft":[149],"Hat":[150],"matrix":[151,153],"Var-Cov":[152],"VIF":[154],"Residuals":[155],"fitted":[157],"Predict":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}