{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413531195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.066097","title":"DH-LDA: A Deeply Hidden Load Data Attack on Electricity Market of Smart Grid","display_name":"DH-LDA: A Deeply Hidden Load Data Attack on Electricity Market of Smart Grid","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413531195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.066097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.066097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.066097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.066097","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092096271","display_name":"Yunhao Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunhao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119417077","display_name":"Meiling Dizha","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiling Dizha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063699309","display_name":"Boda Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1854-4335"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boda Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013367907","display_name":"Ruibin Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruibin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110993476","display_name":"Fuhua Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhua Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103809775","display_name":"Xiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-4066"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018780558","display_name":"Junjie Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Song","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103262445","display_name":"Bingdong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1484-4827"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingdong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035143434","display_name":"Zhenyong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-1525"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092096271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2038,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82284484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"2","first_page":"3861","last_page":"3877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6955569982528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5382736325263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5048590302467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-market","display_name":"Electricity market","score":0.44640350341796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4401334226131439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21118780970573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20425277948379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1491965651512146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6955569982528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5382736325263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5048590302467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.44640350341796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4401334226131439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21118780970573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20425277948379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1491965651512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.066097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.066097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.066097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.066097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056684756","https://openalex.org/W2066673478","https://openalex.org/W2099422867","https://openalex.org/W2108906138","https://openalex.org/W2122559297","https://openalex.org/W2154676046","https://openalex.org/W2332912277","https://openalex.org/W2777956520","https://openalex.org/W2921261293","https://openalex.org/W2964219812","https://openalex.org/W3175970094","https://openalex.org/W4226172408","https://openalex.org/W4312050970","https://openalex.org/W4317603970","https://openalex.org/W4324290196","https://openalex.org/W4360993610","https://openalex.org/W4381687035","https://openalex.org/W4390547604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005545942","https://openalex.org/W2356680598","https://openalex.org/W2966111772","https://openalex.org/W2385067961","https://openalex.org/W2299915012","https://openalex.org/W2383586764","https://openalex.org/W4327773935","https://openalex.org/W2014767125","https://openalex.org/W2305061769","https://openalex.org/W2477218593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101],"load":[1,39,62,77,84,120,124],"profile":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,81,113,169],"key":[5],"characteristic":[6],"of":[7,30,38,54,71,75,104,159],"the":[8,14,17,27,35,43,52,56,65,72,139,149,157,160,180,190,196],"power":[9,18],"grid":[10],"and":[11,21,97,173],"lies":[12],"at":[13],"basis":[15],"for":[16,143],"flow":[19],"control":[20],"generation":[22],"scheduling.":[23],"However,":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26,122,146,178],"wide":[28],"adoption":[29],"internet-of-things":[31],"(IoT)-based":[32],"metering":[33],"infrastructure,":[34],"cyber":[36],"vulnerability":[37,53],"meters":[40],"has":[41],"attracted":[42],"adversary\u2019s":[44],"great":[45],"attention.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,105],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,79],"investigate":[51],"manipulating":[55],"nodal":[57,151],"prices":[58,152],"by":[59],"injecting":[60],"false":[61],"data":[63,85,93,125,144],"into":[64],"meter":[66],"measurements.":[67],"By":[68],"taking":[69],"advantage":[70],"changing":[73],"properties":[74],"real-world":[76],"profile,":[78],"propose":[80],"deeply":[82],"hidden":[83],"attack":[86,115,161],"(i.e.,":[87],"DH-LDA)":[88],"that":[89,117,148,189],"can":[90,192],"evade":[91],"bad":[92],"detection,":[94,96],"clustering-based":[95],"price":[98],"anomaly":[99],"detection.":[100],"main":[102],"contributions":[103],"work":[106],"are":[107],"as":[108],"follows:":[109],"(i)":[110],"We":[111,137,167],"design":[112],"stealthy":[114],"framework":[116],"exploits":[118],"historical":[119],"patterns":[121],"generate":[123],"with":[126],"minimal":[127],"statistical":[128],"deviation":[129],"from":[130,195],"normal":[131],"measurements,":[132],"thereby":[133],"maximizing":[134],"concealment;":[135],"(ii)":[136],"identify":[138],"optimal":[140],"time":[141],"window":[142],"injection":[145],"ensure":[147],"altered":[150],"follow":[153],"natural":[154],"fluctuations,":[155],"enhancing":[156],"undetectability":[158],"in":[162],"real-time":[163],"market":[164,198],"operations;":[165],"(iii)":[166],"develop":[168],"resilience":[170],"evaluation":[171],"metric":[172],"formulate":[174],"an":[175],"optimization-based":[176],"approach":[177],"quantify":[179],"electricity":[181,197],"market\u2019s":[182],"robustness":[183],"against":[184],"DH-LDAs.":[185],"Our":[186],"experiments":[187],"show":[188],"adversary":[191],"gain":[193],"profits":[194],"while":[199],"remaining":[200],"undetected.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
