{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411071821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065665","title":"DRL-AMIR: Intelligent Flow Scheduling for Software-Defined Zero Trust Networks","display_name":"DRL-AMIR: Intelligent Flow Scheduling for Software-Defined Zero Trust Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411071821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065665","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072204073","display_name":"Wenlong Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-1056"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699764","display_name":"Zilong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8380-2396"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101699881","display_name":"Pei\u2010Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-7129"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Benfeng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benfeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039789791","display_name":"Jidong Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-6820"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinglin Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018867983","display_name":"Qiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-967X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziyi Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030903260","display_name":"Shigen Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-5379"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigen Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072204073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1084,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9404198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"2","first_page":"3305","last_page":"3319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6624670624732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.5675307512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.44196417927742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4131910800933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3888886272907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1720702052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1419074833393097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12222829461097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.0746580958366394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6624670624732971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5675307512283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.44196417927742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4131910800933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3888886272907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1720702052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1419074833393097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12222829461097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0746580958366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3215027493","https://openalex.org/W4206028292","https://openalex.org/W4213051233","https://openalex.org/W4245123941","https://openalex.org/W4313190984","https://openalex.org/W4313855707","https://openalex.org/W4381415925","https://openalex.org/W4386090462","https://openalex.org/W4386629535","https://openalex.org/W4391941625","https://openalex.org/W4392405403","https://openalex.org/W4393114577","https://openalex.org/W4393238051","https://openalex.org/W4393372130","https://openalex.org/W4394694890","https://openalex.org/W4394694918","https://openalex.org/W4394698935","https://openalex.org/W4394783477","https://openalex.org/W4396980145","https://openalex.org/W4398152666","https://openalex.org/W4400075144","https://openalex.org/W4400411433","https://openalex.org/W4400731338","https://openalex.org/W4401749834","https://openalex.org/W4406171708","https://openalex.org/W4407235451","https://openalex.org/W4407691372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zero":[0],"Trust":[1],"Network":[2,32],"(ZTN)":[3],"enhances":[4],"network":[5,211],"security":[6],"through":[7,36,116],"strict":[8],"authentication":[9],"and":[10,39,61,99,113,134,146,155,175,201,204,235,237],"access":[11],"control.":[12],"However,":[13],"in":[14,56,192,220,227],"the":[15,22,44,105,170,180,188,193],"ZTN,":[16],"optimizing":[17],"flow":[18,77,88],"control":[19,38,173],"to":[20,196,232],"improve":[21],"quality":[23],"of":[24,58,108],"service":[25,95],"is":[26,74,166,184],"still":[27],"facing":[28],"challenges.":[29],"Software":[30],"Defined":[31],"(SDN)":[33],"provides":[34],"solutions":[35],"centralized":[37],"dynamic":[40,62],"resource":[41],"allocation,":[42],"but":[43],"existing":[45],"scheduling":[46,78,89],"methods":[47],"based":[48],"on":[49,160],"Deep":[50],"Reinforcement":[51],"Learning":[52],"(DRL)":[53],"are":[54],"insufficient":[55],"terms":[57],"convergence":[59,241],"speed":[60,242],"optimization":[63,90],"capability.":[64],"To":[65],"solve":[66],"these":[67,161],"problems,":[68],"this":[69],"paper":[70],"proposes":[71],"DRL-AMIR,":[72],"which":[73,186],"an":[75,139],"efficient":[76],"method":[79,85],"for":[80],"software":[81],"defined":[82],"ZTN.":[83],"This":[84],"constructs":[86],"a":[87,123,147,163,217,224,238],"model":[91],"that":[92,151,214],"comprehensively":[93],"considers":[94],"delay,":[96],"bandwidth":[97,229],"occupation,":[98],"path":[100,135,190],"hops.":[101],"Additionally,":[102],"it":[103],"balances":[104],"differentiated":[106],"requirements":[107],"delay-critical":[109],"K-flows,":[110],"bandwidth-intensive":[111],"D-flows,":[112],"background":[114],"B-flows":[115],"adaptive":[117,181,244],"weighting.":[118],"The":[119],"proposed":[120],"framework":[121],"employs":[122],"customized":[124],"state":[125],"space":[126,141],"comprising":[127],"node":[128,144],"labels,":[129],"link":[130,228],"bandwidth,":[131],"delay":[132],"metrics,":[133],"length.":[136],"It":[137],"incorporates":[138],"action":[140],"derived":[142],"from":[143],"weights":[145],"hybrid":[148],"reward":[149],"function":[150],"integrates":[152],"both":[153],"single-step":[154],"multi-step":[156],"excitation":[157],"mechanisms.":[158,246],"Based":[159],"components,":[162],"hierarchical":[164],"architecture":[165],"designed,":[167],"effectively":[168],"integrating":[169],"data":[171],"plane,":[172,174],"knowledge":[176],"plane.":[177],"In":[178],"particular,":[179],"expert":[182,245],"mechanism":[183],"introduced,":[185],"triggers":[187],"shortest":[189],"algorithm":[191],"training":[194],"process":[195],"accelerate":[197],"convergence,":[198],"reduce":[199],"trial":[200],"error":[202],"costs,":[203],"maintain":[205],"stability.":[206],"Experiments":[207],"across":[208],"diverse":[209],"real-world":[210],"topologies":[212],"demonstrate":[213],"DRL-AMIR":[215],"achieves":[216],"15\u201320%":[218],"reduction":[219],"K-flow":[221],"transmission":[222],"delays,":[223],"10\u201315%":[225],"improvement":[226],"utilization":[230],"compared":[231],"SPR,":[233],"QoSR,":[234],"DRSIR,":[236],"30%":[239],"faster":[240],"via":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
