{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411102748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065153","title":"Pathfinder: Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Scheduling for Multi-Robot Systems in Smart Factories with Mass Customization","display_name":"Pathfinder: Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Scheduling for Multi-Robot Systems in Smart Factories with Mass Customization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411102748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials & Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065153","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058647519","display_name":"Chenxi Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7727-5518"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063173925","display_name":"Chen Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-1906"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047330584","display_name":"Qiancheng Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-7391"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiancheng Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707847","display_name":"Yuzhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5930-3490"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024029157","display_name":"Qian Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-4770"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081579818","display_name":"Zhenyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9498-4300"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058647519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94980423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"2","first_page":"3371","last_page":"3391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.8270999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.8270999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12782","display_name":"Assembly Line Balancing Optimization","score":0.7879999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathfinder","display_name":"Pathfinder","score":0.934242844581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-customization","display_name":"Mass customization","score":0.7878159284591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7480809688568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6995575428009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5914672613143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5303968191146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5269837379455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4128396809101105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3464246988296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3416256308555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.11547881364822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11226919293403625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778940482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144753","display_name":"Pathfinder","level":2,"score":0.934242844581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72414096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367461","display_name":"Mass customization","level":3,"score":0.7878159284591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7480809688568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6995575428009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5914672613143921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5303968191146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5269837379455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4128396809101105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3464246988296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3416256308555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.11547881364822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11226919293403625}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials & Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials & Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970520611","https://openalex.org/W2987040097","https://openalex.org/W3004038152","https://openalex.org/W3005764631","https://openalex.org/W3022092025","https://openalex.org/W3036435246","https://openalex.org/W3092208345","https://openalex.org/W3166378702","https://openalex.org/W3168201137","https://openalex.org/W4205837126","https://openalex.org/W4223536612","https://openalex.org/W4281677241","https://openalex.org/W4283209214","https://openalex.org/W4284711157","https://openalex.org/W4288940896","https://openalex.org/W4308487886","https://openalex.org/W4309328296","https://openalex.org/W4313479509","https://openalex.org/W4313593508","https://openalex.org/W4313886730","https://openalex.org/W4318014829","https://openalex.org/W4319338560","https://openalex.org/W4319599614","https://openalex.org/W4360978881","https://openalex.org/W4361205152","https://openalex.org/W4366607179","https://openalex.org/W4367056173","https://openalex.org/W4384129427","https://openalex.org/W4387462844","https://openalex.org/W4391069649","https://openalex.org/W4405943699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2465291283","https://openalex.org/W3187329742","https://openalex.org/W179718899","https://openalex.org/W1955019684","https://openalex.org/W2315997511","https://openalex.org/W3101579177","https://openalex.org/W2620557661","https://openalex.org/W1991178880","https://openalex.org/W2950755297","https://openalex.org/W117659776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,48,99,234],"Industry":[4],"4.0":[5],"has":[6],"revolutionized":[7],"manufacturing,":[8],"shifting":[9],"production":[10,36,120,187],"from":[11,112,132],"centralized":[12],"control":[13],"to":[14,23,82,155,185,230],"decentralized,":[15],"intelligent":[16,116],"systems.":[17],"Smart":[18],"factories":[19],"are":[20],"now":[21],"expected":[22],"achieve":[24],"high":[25],"adaptability":[26],"and":[27,41,53,95,160,175,207,220],"resource":[28],"efficiency,":[29,148],"particularly":[30],"in":[31,118,192,209,238],"mass":[32,239],"customization":[33,240],"scenarios":[34],"where":[35],"schedules":[37],"must":[38],"accommodate":[39],"dynamic":[40,49,119,157],"personalized":[42],"demands.":[43],"To":[44,144],"address":[45],"the":[46,231],"challenges":[47,233],"task":[50,158],"allocation,":[51],"uncertainty,":[52],"real-time":[54,141,161],"decision-making,":[55],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"proposes":[58],"Pathfinder,":[59],"a":[60,80,91,101,149],"deep":[61,214],"reinforcement":[62,181,215],"learning-based":[63],"scheduling":[64,68,127,135,147,170,202,218,237],"framework.":[65],"Pathfinder":[66,108,129,166,183,199,225],"models":[67],"data":[69],"through":[70],"three":[71],"key":[72],"matrices:":[73],"execution":[74],"time":[75,77,85,88],"(the":[76,86,97],"required":[78],"for":[79],"job":[81,92,177,236],"complete),":[83],"completion":[84,178],"actual":[87],"at":[89],"which":[90],"is":[93,153],"finished),":[94],"efficiency":[96,208],"performance":[98,191],"executing":[100],"single":[102],"job).":[103],"By":[104,212],"leveraging":[105],"neural":[106],"networks,":[107],"extracts":[109],"essential":[110],"features":[111],"these":[113],"matrices,":[114],"enabling":[115],"decision-making":[117],"environments.":[121,241],"Unlike":[122],"traditional":[123,201],"approaches":[124],"with":[125],"fixed":[126],"rules,":[128,136],"dynamically":[130],"selects":[131],"ten":[133],"diverse":[134],"optimizing":[137],"decisions":[138],"based":[139],"on":[140],"environmental":[142],"conditions.":[143],"further":[145],"enhance":[146],"specialized":[150],"reward":[151,223],"function":[152,164],"designed":[154],"support":[156],"allocation":[159],"adjustments.":[162],"This":[163],"helps":[165],"continuously":[167],"refine":[168],"its":[169],"strategy,":[171],"improving":[172],"machine":[173],"utilization":[174],"minimizing":[176],"times.":[179],"Through":[180],"learning,":[182,216],"adapts":[184],"evolving":[186],"demands,":[188],"ensuring":[189],"robust":[190],"real-world":[193],"applications.":[194],"Experimental":[195],"results":[196],"demonstrate":[197],"that":[198],"outperforms":[200],"approaches,":[203],"offering":[204],"improved":[205],"coordination":[206],"smart":[210],"factories.":[211],"integrating":[213],"adaptable":[217],"strategies,":[219],"an":[221,227],"innovative":[222],"function,":[224],"provides":[226],"effective":[228],"solution":[229],"growing":[232],"multi-robot":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}