{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412063735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065571","title":"A Comprehensive Review of Multimodal Deep Learning for Enhanced Medical Diagnostics","display_name":"A Comprehensive Review of Multimodal Deep Learning for Enhanced Medical Diagnostics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412063735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065571","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033315058","display_name":"Aya M. Al\u2010Zoghby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3483-1457"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aya M. Al-Zoghby","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049932679","display_name":"Ahmed Ismail Ebada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-5853"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ismail Ebada","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104228570","display_name":"Aya S. Saleh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aya S. Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091366296","display_name":"Mohammed Abdelhay","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Abdelhay","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015094660","display_name":"Wael A. Awad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-4688"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael A. Awad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033315058"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99500128,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"3","first_page":"4155","last_page":"4193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.886900007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.886900007724762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.8526999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.8129000067710876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4029983878135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3766694664955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3648074269294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34325188398361206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4029983878135681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3766694664955139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3648074269294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34325188398361206}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.065571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.065571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":145,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1790650303","https://openalex.org/W1831416753","https://openalex.org/W2003590123","https://openalex.org/W2053141865","https://openalex.org/W2063445910","https://openalex.org/W2100183235","https://openalex.org/W2169808652","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2619383789","https://openalex.org/W2773119425","https://openalex.org/W2802895140","https://openalex.org/W2890636337","https://openalex.org/W2907760128","https://openalex.org/W2917997586","https://openalex.org/W2948732750","https://openalex.org/W2954345346","https://openalex.org/W2961308354","https://openalex.org/W2964629181","https://openalex.org/W3005352289","https://openalex.org/W3024342194","https://openalex.org/W3025710974","https://openalex.org/W3049253011","https://openalex.org/W3083622693","https://openalex.org/W3092580847","https://openalex.org/W3093869356","https://openalex.org/W3117614253","https://openalex.org/W3128608752","https://openalex.org/W3135339980","https://openalex.org/W3138791055","https://openalex.org/W3158157866","https://openalex.org/W3181101419","https://openalex.org/W3182889567","https://openalex.org/W3183198896","https://openalex.org/W3198576039","https://openalex.org/W3198679646","https://openalex.org/W3202642596","https://openalex.org/W3205594709","https://openalex.org/W3213738679","https://openalex.org/W4205204006","https://openalex.org/W4206042814","https://openalex.org/W4210385745","https://openalex.org/W4213279130","https://openalex.org/W4224947621","https://openalex.org/W4283692816","https://openalex.org/W4283722442","https://openalex.org/W4283727365","https://openalex.org/W4291818525","https://openalex.org/W4296800293","https://openalex.org/W4307923847","https://openalex.org/W4313648826","https://openalex.org/W4318263505","https://openalex.org/W4318275377","https://openalex.org/W4318486313","https://openalex.org/W4318767600","https://openalex.org/W4323519812","https://openalex.org/W4361284377","https://openalex.org/W4362596377","https://openalex.org/W4362673398","https://openalex.org/W4366772098","https://openalex.org/W4376132841","https://openalex.org/W4378714285","https://openalex.org/W4380319195","https://openalex.org/W4380423092","https://openalex.org/W4382119054","https://openalex.org/W4382242764","https://openalex.org/W4383878671","https://openalex.org/W4384029030","https://openalex.org/W4385442568","https://openalex.org/W4385766743","https://openalex.org/W4386367858","https://openalex.org/W4386496763","https://openalex.org/W4386840853","https://openalex.org/W4387042388","https://openalex.org/W4387079109","https://openalex.org/W4387296225","https://openalex.org/W4387356991","https://openalex.org/W4387653890","https://openalex.org/W4388798087","https://openalex.org/W4389139654","https://openalex.org/W4389410414","https://openalex.org/W4389507050","https://openalex.org/W4389719773","https://openalex.org/W4389734218","https://openalex.org/W4389816744","https://openalex.org/W4390204212","https://openalex.org/W4390278174","https://openalex.org/W4390582961","https://openalex.org/W4390789949","https://openalex.org/W4391006142","https://openalex.org/W4391167220","https://openalex.org/W4391281178","https://openalex.org/W4391509717","https://openalex.org/W4391858799","https://openalex.org/W4392162009","https://openalex.org/W4392245508","https://openalex.org/W4392710710","https://openalex.org/W4392746026","https://openalex.org/W4392751974","https://openalex.org/W4392859891","https://openalex.org/W4392956768","https://openalex.org/W4393353840","https://openalex.org/W4394773665","https://openalex.org/W4394966893","https://openalex.org/W4396509329","https://openalex.org/W4396614027","https://openalex.org/W4396622164","https://openalex.org/W4396680754","https://openalex.org/W4396699268","https://openalex.org/W4396801956","https://openalex.org/W4397023773","https://openalex.org/W4398202743","https://openalex.org/W4399202572","https://openalex.org/W4399206160","https://openalex.org/W4399258275","https://openalex.org/W4399439624","https://openalex.org/W4399624586","https://openalex.org/W4399933076","https://openalex.org/W4400072483","https://openalex.org/W4400111267","https://openalex.org/W4400367706","https://openalex.org/W4400403805","https://openalex.org/W4400981456","https://openalex.org/W4402155831","https://openalex.org/W4402364174","https://openalex.org/W4402377819","https://openalex.org/W4402478618","https://openalex.org/W4402993767","https://openalex.org/W4403094397","https://openalex.org/W4403215093","https://openalex.org/W4403248885","https://openalex.org/W4404270506","https://openalex.org/W4404484579","https://openalex.org/W4404728411","https://openalex.org/W4405013735","https://openalex.org/W4405908063","https://openalex.org/W4405965349","https://openalex.org/W4406074275","https://openalex.org/W4406119458","https://openalex.org/W4406298382","https://openalex.org/W4406333287","https://openalex.org/W4406778804","https://openalex.org/W4408061886","https://openalex.org/W4408243468","https://openalex.org/W4409627776","https://openalex.org/W4410637128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0,68],"deep":[1,69,105],"learning":[2,20,70,106],"has":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,39,41,119],"a":[6,61,96,282],"key":[7],"paradigm":[8],"in":[9,108,187,225],"contemporary":[10],"medical":[11,109],"diagnostics,":[12],"advancing":[13],"precision":[14],"medicine":[15],"by":[16,131],"enabling":[17],"integration":[18,257],"and":[19,35,44,89,113,126,142,144,150,167,200,203,223,229,252,264,279,292],"from":[21,195],"diverse":[22],"data":[23,57,77,192],"sources.":[24],"The":[25],"exponential":[26],"growth":[27],"of":[28,64,75,99,103,162,206,242,250,258,267,285],"high-dimensional":[29],"healthcare":[30],"data,":[31,247],"encompassing":[32],"genomic,":[33],"transcriptomic,":[34],"other":[36],"omics":[37],"profiles,":[38],"well":[40],"radiological":[42],"imaging":[43],"histopathological":[45],"slides,":[46],"makes":[47],"this":[48,299],"approach":[49],"increasingly":[50],"important":[51,115,234],"because,":[52],"when":[53],"examined":[54],"separately,":[55],"these":[56],"sources":[58],"only":[59],"offer":[60],"fragmented":[62],"picture":[63],"intricate":[65],"disease":[66,87],"processes.":[67],"leverages":[71],"the":[72,100,177,204,240,248,256,265,286],"complementary":[73],"properties":[74],"multiple":[76],"modalities":[78],"to":[79,227,276],"enable":[80],"more":[81,85],"accurate":[82],"prognostic":[83],"modeling,":[84],"robust":[86],"characterization,":[88],"improved":[90],"treatment":[91],"decision-making.":[92],"This":[93],"review":[94],"provides":[95],"comprehensive":[97],"overview":[98,161,284],"current":[101],"state":[102],"multimodal":[104,271],"approaches":[107],"diagnosis.":[110],"We":[111,158],"classify":[112],"examine":[114],"application":[116],"domains,":[117],"such":[118],"(1)":[120],"radiology,":[121],"where":[122,136,147],"automated":[123],"report":[124],"generation":[125],"lesion":[127],"detection":[128],"are":[129,153],"facilitated":[130],"image-text":[132],"integration;":[133],"(2)":[134],"histopathology,":[135],"fusion":[137,254],"models":[138],"improve":[139],"tumor":[140],"classification":[141],"grading;":[143],"(3)":[145],"multi-omics,":[146],"molecular":[148],"subtypes":[149],"latent":[151],"biomarkers":[152],"revealed":[154],"through":[155,298],"cross-modal":[156,209],"learning.":[157,272],"provide":[159,277],"an":[160],"representative":[163],"research,":[164,238],"methodological":[165],"advancements,":[166],"clinical":[168,221,260],"consequences":[169],"for":[170,220,236,245,269,295],"each":[171],"domain.":[172],"Additionally,":[173],"we":[174,232],"critically":[175],"analyzed":[176],"fundamental":[178],"issues":[179],"preventing":[180],"wider":[181],"adoption,":[182],"including":[183,239],"computational":[184],"complexity":[185],"(particularly":[186],"training":[188],"scalable,":[189],"multi-branch":[190],"networks),":[191],"heterogeneity":[193],"(resulting":[194],"modality-specific":[196],"noise,":[197],"resolution":[198],"variations,":[199],"inconsistent":[201],"annotations),":[202],"challenge":[205],"maintaining":[207],"significant":[208],"correlations":[210],"during":[211],"fusion.":[212],"These":[213],"problems":[214],"impede":[215],"interpretability,":[216],"which":[217],"is":[218,275],"crucial":[219],"trust":[222],"use,":[224],"addition":[226],"performance":[228],"generalizability.":[230],"Lastly,":[231],"outline":[233],"areas":[235],"future":[237],"development":[241],"standardized":[243],"protocols":[244],"harmonizing":[246],"creation":[249],"lightweight":[251],"interpretable":[253],"architectures,":[255],"real-time":[259],"decision":[261],"support":[262],"systems,":[263],"promotion":[266],"cooperation":[268],"federated":[270],"Our":[273],"goal":[274],"researchers":[278],"clinicians":[280],"with":[281],"concise":[283],"field\u2019s":[287],"present":[288],"state,":[289],"enduring":[290],"constraints,":[291],"exciting":[293],"directions":[294],"further":[296],"research":[297],"review.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
