{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410131401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063665","title":"Recent Advancement in Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems: A Review","display_name":"Recent Advancement in Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems: A Review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410131401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.063665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063665","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051525030","display_name":"Aamir Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-2197"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045538923","display_name":"Zhengrong Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-6269"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengrong Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068330117","display_name":"Wen\u2010Jer Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-8451"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Jer Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069749585","display_name":"Muhammad Shamrooz Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-1788"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shamrooz Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051525030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96709016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"3","first_page":"3623","last_page":"3674"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.859000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.859000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4477498531341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.423349529504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17886623740196228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4477498531341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.423349529504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17886623740196228}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.063665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.063665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":204,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W365780868","https://openalex.org/W622964856","https://openalex.org/W1592417386","https://openalex.org/W1967509640","https://openalex.org/W1980755499","https://openalex.org/W1981826826","https://openalex.org/W1982947074","https://openalex.org/W1994970158","https://openalex.org/W2015008374","https://openalex.org/W2016371469","https://openalex.org/W2028235243","https://openalex.org/W2036571133","https://openalex.org/W2042733674","https://openalex.org/W2042791267","https://openalex.org/W2043481280","https://openalex.org/W2048917402","https://openalex.org/W2052304467","https://openalex.org/W2058530209","https://openalex.org/W2065831027","https://openalex.org/W2070622674","https://openalex.org/W2072020080","https://openalex.org/W2096216635","https://openalex.org/W2099175737","https://openalex.org/W2107396783","https://openalex.org/W2122222357","https://openalex.org/W2127350252","https://openalex.org/W2132115057","https://openalex.org/W2140893684","https://openalex.org/W2180959889","https://openalex.org/W2194497190","https://openalex.org/W2328736179","https://openalex.org/W2329246129","https://openalex.org/W2341822028","https://openalex.org/W2344328405","https://openalex.org/W2392087067","https://openalex.org/W2461531612","https://openalex.org/W2499597001","https://openalex.org/W2508148686","https://openalex.org/W2518861319","https://openalex.org/W2519639579","https://openalex.org/W2522669551","https://openalex.org/W2532857053","https://openalex.org/W2547148757","https://openalex.org/W2560814118","https://openalex.org/W2577388366","https://openalex.org/W2590210788","https://openalex.org/W2606497965","https://openalex.org/W2611346233","https://openalex.org/W2612018426","https://openalex.org/W2620656536","https://openalex.org/W2724210477","https://openalex.org/W2733505274","https://openalex.org/W2734359946","https://openalex.org/W2752980941","https://openalex.org/W2754300070","https://openalex.org/W2765082137","https://openalex.org/W2773828068","https://openalex.org/W2780134511","https://openalex.org/W2782570863","https://openalex.org/W2789353847","https://openalex.org/W2789369258","https://openalex.org/W2789627899","https://openalex.org/W2789900783","https://openalex.org/W2790984073","https://openalex.org/W2793186278","https://openalex.org/W2793582886","https://openalex.org/W2794010920","https://openalex.org/W2794401449","https://openalex.org/W2802343062","https://openalex.org/W2804210643","https://openalex.org/W2809818328","https://openalex.org/W2811317576","https://openalex.org/W2885902201","https://openalex.org/W2887736113","https://openalex.org/W2889785749","https://openalex.org/W2891162831","https://openalex.org/W2892054719","https://openalex.org/W2896407707","https://openalex.org/W2897001116","https://openalex.org/W2897658537","https://openalex.org/W2900446537","https://openalex.org/W2900891156","https://openalex.org/W2901312815","https://openalex.org/W2901471520","https://openalex.org/W2904316432","https://openalex.org/W2904372429","https://openalex.org/W2906046465","https://openalex.org/W2909077198","https://openalex.org/W2911155538","https://openalex.org/W2912477492","https://openalex.org/W2912967678","https://openalex.org/W2913607823","https://openalex.org/W2913980856","https://openalex.org/W2921143807","https://openalex.org/W2923844273","https://openalex.org/W2938228337","https://openalex.org/W2940459376","https://openalex.org/W2940830480","https://openalex.org/W2942302537","https://openalex.org/W2948764416","https://openalex.org/W2949235991","https://openalex.org/W2949297891","https://openalex.org/W2949547818","https://openalex.org/W2953052131","https://openalex.org/W2964471213","https://openalex.org/W2965775214","https://openalex.org/W2966256420","https://openalex.org/W2969470540","https://openalex.org/W2970697043","https://openalex.org/W2973316093","https://openalex.org/W2981839114","https://openalex.org/W2983745064","https://openalex.org/W2986073891","https://openalex.org/W2990335188","https://openalex.org/W2990398968","https://openalex.org/W2990862899","https://openalex.org/W2992450457","https://openalex.org/W2996328749","https://openalex.org/W2999025554","https://openalex.org/W2999909933","https://openalex.org/W3000279018","https://openalex.org/W3002448403","https://openalex.org/W3017227736","https://openalex.org/W3024964333","https://openalex.org/W3029740633","https://openalex.org/W3034502743","https://openalex.org/W3034767807","https://openalex.org/W3037182194","https://openalex.org/W3037920390","https://openalex.org/W3039584914","https://openalex.org/W3045787746","https://openalex.org/W3048938111","https://openalex.org/W3080438499","https://openalex.org/W3092772552","https://openalex.org/W3095506699","https://openalex.org/W3096360320","https://openalex.org/W3099877635","https://openalex.org/W3101769531","https://openalex.org/W3118268055","https://openalex.org/W3119477632","https://openalex.org/W3125829149","https://openalex.org/W3127350400","https://openalex.org/W3129620638","https://openalex.org/W3130614785","https://openalex.org/W3132676906","https://openalex.org/W3133242145","https://openalex.org/W3134125274","https://openalex.org/W3134935622","https://openalex.org/W3135345850","https://openalex.org/W3135449381","https://openalex.org/W3147521526","https://openalex.org/W3149207618","https://openalex.org/W3153865577","https://openalex.org/W3154303451","https://openalex.org/W3154972654","https://openalex.org/W3158603033","https://openalex.org/W3160969861","https://openalex.org/W3165572008","https://openalex.org/W3167972011","https://openalex.org/W3174851263","https://openalex.org/W3194043651","https://openalex.org/W3194878029","https://openalex.org/W3196698656","https://openalex.org/W3208577479","https://openalex.org/W3209964012","https://openalex.org/W3210820307","https://openalex.org/W3213980510","https://openalex.org/W3215710930","https://openalex.org/W3215878691","https://openalex.org/W4200050069","https://openalex.org/W4200182717","https://openalex.org/W4205919257","https://openalex.org/W4210751743","https://openalex.org/W4211193772","https://openalex.org/W4211201154","https://openalex.org/W4220859467","https://openalex.org/W4220938679","https://openalex.org/W4223996377","https://openalex.org/W4225763274","https://openalex.org/W4225964826","https://openalex.org/W4238591275","https://openalex.org/W4241879758","https://openalex.org/W4283021211","https://openalex.org/W4283709771","https://openalex.org/W4285164695","https://openalex.org/W4295023837","https://openalex.org/W4309340715","https://openalex.org/W4327615728","https://openalex.org/W4328114477","https://openalex.org/W4392144040","https://openalex.org/W4392309193","https://openalex.org/W4396583059","https://openalex.org/W4397026604","https://openalex.org/W4399039388","https://openalex.org/W4399891154","https://openalex.org/W4400071815","https://openalex.org/W4401657809","https://openalex.org/W4401668713","https://openalex.org/W4402742711","https://openalex.org/W4404838773","https://openalex.org/W4404884273","https://openalex.org/W4405327534","https://openalex.org/W4405802265","https://openalex.org/W4406928719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Formation":[0],"control":[1,43,77,161,170,203],"in":[2,17,41,147,204],"multi-agent":[3,205],"systems":[4],"has":[5],"become":[6],"a":[7,184,192],"critical":[8],"area":[9],"of":[10,72,109,179],"interest":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,200],"its":[14],"wide-ranging":[15],"applications":[16],"robotics,":[18],"autonomous":[19],"transportation,":[20],"and":[21,38,48,66,84,97,112,127,137,144,167,182,197],"surveillance.":[22],"While":[23],"various":[24,122],"studies":[25],"have":[26],"explored":[27],"distributed":[28],"cooperative":[29],"control,":[30],"this":[31],"review":[32,74,139,174],"focuses":[33],"on":[34],"the":[35,73,101,107,119,138,141,148,176,180],"theoretical":[36],"foundations":[37],"recent":[39],"developments":[40],"formation":[42,51,54,76,202],"strategies.":[44,115],"The":[45,150],"paper":[46,102,151],"categorizes":[47],"analyzes":[49],"key":[50],"types,":[52],"including":[53,106],"maintenance,":[55],"group":[56],"or":[57],"cluster":[58],"formation,":[59],"bipartite":[60],"formations,":[61,63],"event-triggered":[62],"finite-time":[64],"convergence,":[65],"constrained":[67,79],"formations.":[68],"A":[69],"significant":[70],"portion":[71],"addresses":[75],"under":[78,171],"dynamics,":[80],"presenting":[81],"both":[82],"model-based":[83],"model-free":[85],"approaches":[86],"that":[87],"consider":[88],"practical":[89],"limitations":[90],"such":[91,158],"as":[92,159],"actuator":[93],"bounds,":[94],"communication":[95],"delays,":[96],"nonholonomic":[98],"constraints.":[99],"Additionally,":[100],"discusses":[103],"emerging":[104],"trends,":[105],"integration":[108],"event-driven":[110],"mechanisms":[111],"AI-enhanced":[113],"coordination":[114],"Comparative":[116],"evaluations":[117],"highlight":[118],"trade-offs":[120],"among":[121],"methodologies":[123],"regarding":[124],"scalability,":[125],"robustness,":[126],"real-world":[128],"feasibility.":[129],"Practical":[130],"implementations":[131],"are":[132],"reviewed":[133],"across":[134],"diverse":[135],"platforms,":[136],"identifies":[140],"current":[142,177],"achievements":[143],"unresolved":[145],"challenges":[146],"field.":[149],"concludes":[152],"by":[153],"outlining":[154],"promising":[155],"research":[156],"directions,":[157],"adaptive":[160],"for":[162,187,195],"dynamic":[163],"environments,":[164],"energy-efficient":[165],"coordination,":[166],"using":[168],"learning-based":[169],"uncertainty.":[172],"This":[173],"synthesizes":[175],"state":[178],"art":[181],"provides":[183],"road":[185],"map":[186],"future":[188],"investigation,":[189],"making":[190],"it":[191],"valuable":[193],"reference":[194],"researchers":[196],"practitioners":[198],"aiming":[199],"advance":[201],"systems.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
