{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411574881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063646","title":"Enhancing Android Malware Detection with XGBoost and Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Enhancing Android Malware Detection with XGBoost and Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411574881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.063646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063646","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003136284","display_name":"Atif Raza Zaidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atif Raza Zaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007292153","display_name":"Tahir Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-3261"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084703478","display_name":"Ali Daud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8284-6354"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Daud","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058186043","display_name":"Omar Alghushairy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-5545"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Alghushairy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052677801","display_name":"Hussain Dawood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2653-9541"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain Dawood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002558255","display_name":"Nadeem Sarwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-6382"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadeem Sarwar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003136284"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96184625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"2","first_page":"3281","last_page":"3304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12799","display_name":"Mobile and Web Applications","score":0.925000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8033367395401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7551624774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-malware","display_name":"Android malware","score":0.7516956925392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7119754552841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5836634039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4993476867675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4013965427875519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3975295126438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2921068072319031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8033367395401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7551624774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989133298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android malware","level":3,"score":0.7516956925392151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7119754552841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5836634039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4993476867675781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4013965427875519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3975295126438141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2921068072319031}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.063646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32604/cmc.2025.063646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2025.063646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191605","display_name":"Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)","issn_l":"1546-2218","issn":["1546-2218","1546-2226"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Materials &amp; Continua","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122672392","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3188588464","https://openalex.org/W4205876068","https://openalex.org/W4220987924","https://openalex.org/W4317830582","https://openalex.org/W4327661585","https://openalex.org/W4380716409","https://openalex.org/W4388272984","https://openalex.org/W4389616584","https://openalex.org/W4392696582","https://openalex.org/W4392858381","https://openalex.org/W4399767820","https://openalex.org/W4401437377","https://openalex.org/W4401476729","https://openalex.org/W4401818316","https://openalex.org/W4402297661","https://openalex.org/W4402970445","https://openalex.org/W4404936228","https://openalex.org/W4406434237","https://openalex.org/W4407009210","https://openalex.org/W4407673652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560361988","https://openalex.org/W2507113366","https://openalex.org/W2591124010","https://openalex.org/W3200508744","https://openalex.org/W3025122950","https://openalex.org/W2311926078","https://openalex.org/W2895504842","https://openalex.org/W4281384336","https://openalex.org/W2717179875","https://openalex.org/W4249118297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safeguarding":[0],"against":[1],"malware":[2,78,126,190],"requires":[3],"precise":[4],"machine-learning":[5],"algorithms":[6],"to":[7,49,61,70,122,172],"classify":[8],"harmful":[9],"apps.":[10],"The":[11,82,100,124,156],"Drebin":[12],"dataset":[13],"of":[14,56,119,166,175,196],"15,036":[15],"samples":[16,55],"and":[17,22,32,86,97,134,163,188,199],"215":[18],"features":[19,75],"yielded":[20],"significant":[21],"reliable":[23,187],"results":[24,101],"for":[25,76],"two":[26],"hybrid":[27,200],"models,":[28],"CNN":[29,107,141,182],"+":[30,34,108,113,142,183],"XGBoost":[31,66,109,114,184],"KNN":[33,112],"XGBoost.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"the":[38,51,57,63,72,161,167,173,194],"class":[39,59],"imbalance":[40],"issue,":[41],"SMOTE":[42],"(Synthetic":[43],"Minority":[44],"Over-sampling":[45],"Technique)":[46],"was":[47,67],"used":[48,69],"preprocess":[50],"dataset,":[52],"creating":[53],"synthetic":[54],"minority":[58],"(malware)":[60],"balance":[62],"training":[64],"set.":[65],"then":[68],"choose":[71],"most":[73],"essential":[74],"separating":[77],"from":[79],"benign":[80],"programs.":[81],"models":[83],"were":[84],"trained":[85],"tested":[87],"using":[88],"6-fold":[89],"cross-validation,":[90],"measuring":[91],"accuracy,":[92],"precision,":[93,132],"recall,":[94,133],"F1":[95,135],"score,":[96],"ROC":[98],"AUC.":[99],"are":[102],"highly":[103],"dependable,":[104],"showing":[105],"that":[106,181],"consistently":[110],"outperforms":[111],"with":[115,129,144],"an":[116],"average":[117],"accuracy":[118,162],"98.76%":[120],"compared":[121],"97.89%.":[123],"CNN-based":[125],"classification":[127],"model,":[128],"its":[130,145],"higher":[131],"scores,":[136],"is":[137,185],"a":[138,186],"secure":[139],"choice.":[140],"XGBoost,":[143],"fewer":[146],"all-fold":[147],"misclassifications":[148],"in":[149],"confusion":[150],"matrices,":[151],"further":[152],"solidifies":[153],"this":[154],"security.":[155],"calibration":[157],"curve":[158],"research,":[159],"confirming":[160],"cybersecurity":[164],"applicability":[165],"models\u2019":[168],"probability":[169],"projections,":[170],"adds":[171],"sense":[174],"reliability.":[176],"This":[177],"study":[178],"unequivocally":[179],"demonstrates":[180],"effective":[189],"detection":[191],"system,":[192],"underlining":[193],"importance":[195],"feature":[197],"selection":[198],"models.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
