{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150628197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-028-5-249","title":"Will Google destroy western democracy? Bias in policy problem solving","display_name":"Will Google destroy western democracy? Bias in policy problem solving","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150628197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-028-5-249","mag":"2150628197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-028-5-249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-028-5-249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045966730","display_name":"Matthew W. Easterday","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-7440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Easterday Matthew W.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3891#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3891#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047522207","display_name":"Vincent Aleven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1581-6657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleven Vincent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3891#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3891#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073733316","display_name":"Richard Scheines","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scheines Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3891#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3891#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040401347","display_name":"Sharon M. Carver","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carver Sharon M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3891#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3891#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045966730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91902633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13765","display_name":"Social Science and Policy Research","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10718","display_name":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","score":0.9505000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.6454229354858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.49469873309135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39252740144729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy","display_name":"Political economy","score":0.3362201452255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3354395031929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.24267980456352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.13312888145446777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6454229354858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.49469873309135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39252740144729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3362201452255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3354395031929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24267980456352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13312888145446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-028-5-249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-028-5-249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147937939","https://openalex.org/W563891468","https://openalex.org/W624200443","https://openalex.org/W1539707462","https://openalex.org/W1575922411","https://openalex.org/W1675163538","https://openalex.org/W1777119744","https://openalex.org/W1792550766","https://openalex.org/W2016310005","https://openalex.org/W2028211630","https://openalex.org/W2037525082","https://openalex.org/W2073249039","https://openalex.org/W2075585362","https://openalex.org/W2087107422","https://openalex.org/W2132490153","https://openalex.org/W2132829884","https://openalex.org/W2148685192","https://openalex.org/W2149034096","https://openalex.org/W2149893809","https://openalex.org/W2162325363","https://openalex.org/W2232925767","https://openalex.org/W2607516719","https://openalex.org/W2614452326","https://openalex.org/W3124964085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2359258988","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Democracy":[0],"requires":[1],"students":[2,48,123],"to":[3,80],"choose":[4],"policy":[5,25,43,161],"positions":[6],"based":[7,171],"on":[8,106,165,172],"evidence,":[9,89],"yet":[10],"confirmation":[11],"bias":[12,32],"prevents":[13],"them":[14,142],"from":[15,143],"doing":[16],"so.":[17],"As":[18],"a":[19,24,42,69,81,160],"preliminary":[20],"step":[21],"in":[22,41,53,77,112,136],"building":[23],"reasoning":[26,44],"tutor,":[27],"this":[28],"study":[29,102],"identifies":[30],"where":[31],"occurs":[33],"during":[34],"the":[35,93,104,118,150],"search":[36,71],"and":[37,90,114,146,168],"analysis":[38],"of":[39,58,117],"evidence":[40,76,94,127,151,166],"task.":[45],"60":[46],"university":[47],"played":[49],"an":[50],"on-line":[51],"game":[52],"which":[54,57],"they":[55,147],"chose":[56],"four":[59],"policies":[60],"would":[61],"increase":[62],"school":[63],"performance.":[64],"The":[65,101,156],"between-subjects":[66],"design":[67],"compared":[68],"free":[70],"group":[72,84],"who":[73,85],"searched":[74],"for":[75],"google-like":[78],"environment,":[79],"sequential":[82],"presentation":[83],"read":[86],"all":[87],"available":[88],"manipulated":[91],"whether":[92],"confirmed":[95],"or":[96],"disconfirmed":[97],"students'":[98,107,133],"prior":[99],"beliefs.":[100,155],"measured":[103],"impact":[105],"evidence-based":[108],"recommendations,":[109],"their":[110,115,137,154],"change":[111],"beliefs,":[113],"recall":[116],"evidence.":[119,131,174],"Results":[120],"showed":[121],"that":[122,159],"did":[124],"not":[125],"cherry-pick":[126],"nor":[128],"discount":[129],"disconfirming":[130],"However,":[132],"extreme":[134],"confidence":[135],"initial":[138],"beliefs":[139],"usually":[140],"prevented":[141],"changing":[144],"position,":[145],"mistakenly":[148],"recalled":[149],"as":[152],"confirming":[153],"results":[157],"suggest":[158],"tutor":[162],"should":[163],"focus":[164],"synthesis":[167],"making":[169],"recommendations":[170],"explicit":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
