{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2916816691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/web-190399","title":"A functional data analysis approach for continuous 2-D emotion annotations","display_name":"A functional data analysis approach for continuous 2-D emotion annotations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2916816691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/web-190399","mag":"2916816691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/web-190399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/web-190399","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/web-intelligence/web190399?id=web-intelligence%2Fweb190399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183871","display_name":"Web Intelligence","issn_l":"2405-6456","issn":["2405-6456","2405-6464"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Web Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/web-intelligence/web190399?id=web-intelligence%2Fweb190399","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064473585","display_name":"Karan Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-7034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karan Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Mechatronics Center, DLR \u2013 German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany. E-mails:\u00a0karan.sharma@dlr.de,\u00a0marius.wagner@dlr.de,\u00a0claudio.castellini@dlr.de,\u00a0freek.stulp@dlr.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Mechatronics Center, DLR \u2013 German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany. E-mails:\u00a0karan.sharma@dlr.de,\u00a0marius.wagner@dlr.de,\u00a0claudio.castellini@dlr.de,\u00a0freek.stulp@dlr.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044926432","display_name":"Marius Wagner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Mechatronics Center, DLR \u2013 German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany. E-mails:\u00a0karan.sharma@dlr.de,\u00a0marius.wagner@dlr.de,\u00a0claudio.castellini@dlr.de,\u00a0freek.stulp@dlr.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Mechatronics Center, DLR \u2013 German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany. E-mails:\u00a0karan.sharma@dlr.de,\u00a0marius.wagner@dlr.de,\u00a0claudio.castellini@dlr.de,\u00a0freek.stulp@dlr.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019460740","display_name":"Claudio Castellini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7346-2180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Castellini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Mechatronics Center, DLR \u2013 German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany. E-mails:\u00a0karan.sharma@dlr.de,\u00a0marius.wagner@dlr.de,\u00a0claudio.castellini@dlr.de,\u00a0freek.stulp@dlr.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Mechatronics Center, DLR \u2013 German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany. E-mails:\u00a0karan.sharma@dlr.de,\u00a0marius.wagner@dlr.de,\u00a0claudio.castellini@dlr.de,\u00a0freek.stulp@dlr.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088241273","display_name":"Egon L. van den Broek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2017-0141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Egon L. van den Broek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail:\u00a0vandenbroek@acm.org"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. E-mail:\u00a0vandenbroek@acm.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017689065","display_name":"Freek Stulp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-9517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Freek Stulp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics and Mechatronics Center, DLR \u2013 German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany. E-mails:\u00a0karan.sharma@dlr.de,\u00a0marius.wagner@dlr.de,\u00a0claudio.castellini@dlr.de,\u00a0freek.stulp@dlr.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics and Mechatronics Center, DLR \u2013 German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany. E-mails:\u00a0karan.sharma@dlr.de,\u00a0marius.wagner@dlr.de,\u00a0claudio.castellini@dlr.de,\u00a0freek.stulp@dlr.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078096723","display_name":"Friedhelm Schwenker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5118-0812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedhelm Schwenker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0friedhelm.schwenker@uni-ulm.de"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neural Information Processing, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0friedhelm.schwenker@uni-ulm.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064473585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0839,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78994595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12114","display_name":"Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12114","display_name":"Sensory Analysis and Statistical Methods","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.8368222117424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7049623131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.6972835063934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4922734797000885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bivariate-analysis","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","score":0.4859958589076996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.47354239225387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.45522770285606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45327863097190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34561455249786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32906025648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3277660310268402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.8368222117424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7049623131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.6972835063934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4922734797000885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4859958589076996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.47354239225387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.45522770285606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45327863097190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34561455249786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32906025648117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3277660310268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/web-190399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/web-190399","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/web-intelligence/web190399?id=web-intelligence%2Fweb190399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183871","display_name":"Web Intelligence","issn_l":"2405-6456","issn":["2405-6456","2405-6464"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Web Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:126915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/web-190399>.","pdf_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/126915/1/article.2019.Sharma.FDA%20joystick%20emotions.WebIntelligence.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/384156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/384156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Web Intelligence, `17(1), 41. IOS Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/web-190399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/web-190399","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/web-intelligence/web190399?id=web-intelligence%2Fweb190399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183871","display_name":"Web Intelligence","issn_l":"2405-6456","issn":["2405-6456","2405-6464"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Web Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916816691.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2916816691.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16794263","https://openalex.org/W98797825","https://openalex.org/W604429516","https://openalex.org/W1261896931","https://openalex.org/W1506491340","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1985948319","https://openalex.org/W2047573229","https://openalex.org/W2047629673","https://openalex.org/W2054725755","https://openalex.org/W2056403322","https://openalex.org/W2074788634","https://openalex.org/W2086465016","https://openalex.org/W2087748929","https://openalex.org/W2121407761","https://openalex.org/W2134031328","https://openalex.org/W2134305421","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2145598468","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2159425498","https://openalex.org/W2162870748","https://openalex.org/W2165412197","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2172000360","https://openalex.org/W2181873835","https://openalex.org/W2186363412","https://openalex.org/W2230970864","https://openalex.org/W2295124130","https://openalex.org/W2314785176","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2558525879","https://openalex.org/W2564281413","https://openalex.org/W2768227697","https://openalex.org/W2773522794","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2911336608","https://openalex.org/W3009439559","https://openalex.org/W3021971632","https://openalex.org/W4229930971","https://openalex.org/W4233209063","https://openalex.org/W4292156489","https://openalex.org/W4301520238","https://openalex.org/W6604014664","https://openalex.org/W6609519098","https://openalex.org/W6679959949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113091479","https://openalex.org/W2162899405","https://openalex.org/W941090075","https://openalex.org/W2044987316","https://openalex.org/W3134374554","https://openalex.org/W2237480245","https://openalex.org/W2075065631","https://openalex.org/W1527023294","https://openalex.org/W4387164954","https://openalex.org/W2056895937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,153],"standard":[1],"paradigm":[2],"in":[3,69],"Affective":[4],"Computing":[5],"involves":[6],"acquiring":[7],"one/several":[8],"markers":[9],"(e.g.,":[10],"physiological":[11],"signals)":[12],"of":[13,29,32,116,168,182,197],"emotions":[14],"and":[15,74,81,164,176],"training":[16],"models":[17],"on":[18,99],"these":[19,88,183],"to":[20,25,60,77,85,112,172,193],"predict":[21],"emotions.":[22],"However,":[23],"due":[24],"the":[26,49,67,114,119,166,179,195],"internal":[27],"nature":[28],"emotions,":[30],"labelling/annotation":[31],"emotional":[33,75],"experience":[34],"is":[35],"done":[36],"manually":[37],"by":[38,103],"humans":[39],"us":[40],"ing":[41],"specially":[42],"developed":[43],"annotation":[44,121,132,162],"tools.":[45],"To":[46],"effectively":[47,86],"exploit":[48],"resulting":[50,130,154],"subjective":[51,89],"annotations":[52,90],"for":[53,138],"developing":[54,83],"affective":[55],"systems,":[56],"their":[57],"quality":[58,115,196],"needs":[59],"be":[61],"assessed.":[62],"This":[63,96],"entails,":[64],"(i)":[65,175],"evaluating":[66],"variations":[68],"annotations,":[70],"across":[71,150],"different":[72],"subjects":[73],"stimuli,":[76],"detect":[78],"spurious/unexpected":[79],"patterns;":[80],"(ii)":[82],"strategies":[84],"combine":[87],"into":[91,125,161],"a":[92,105,135],"ground":[93],"truth":[94],"annotation.":[95],"article":[97],"builds":[98],"our":[100],"previous":[101],"work":[102],"presenting":[104],"novel":[106],"Functional":[107,142],"Data":[108],"Analysis":[109,145],"based":[110],"approach":[111,192],"assess":[113],"annotations.":[117,152,198],"Specifically,":[118],"bivariate":[120],"time-series":[122],"are":[123],"transformed":[124],"functions,":[126],"such":[127],"that":[128,147],"each":[129],"functional":[131],"then":[133],"becomes":[134],"sample":[136],"element":[137],"analysis":[139],"like":[140],"Multivariate":[141],"Principal":[143],"Component":[144],"(MFPCA)":[146],"evaluate":[148],"variation":[149],"all":[151],"scores":[155],"from":[156],"MFPCA":[157],"provide":[158],"interesting":[159],"insights":[160],"patterns":[163],"facilitate":[165],"use":[167],"multivariate":[169],"statistical":[170],"techniques":[171],"address":[173],"both":[174],"(ii).":[177],"Given":[178],"presented":[180],"efficacy":[181],"methods,":[184],"we":[185],"believe":[186],"they":[187],"offer":[188],"an":[189],"exciting":[190],"new":[191],"assessing":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-08T08:50:53.379069","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}