{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2612609243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-170280","title":"Discovery of emerging design patterns in ontologies using tree mining","display_name":"Discovery of emerging design patterns in ontologies using tree mining","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2612609243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-170280","mag":"2612609243","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30505251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/sw-170280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-170280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177235","display_name":"Semantic Web","issn_l":"1570-0844","issn":["1570-0844","2210-4968"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Semantic Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6261490","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005050797","display_name":"Agnieszka \u0141awrynowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-345X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Agnieszka \u0141awrynowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082261819","display_name":"J\u0119drzej Potoniec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jedrzej Potoniec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082805014","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Robaczyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46597724","display_name":"Pozna\u0144 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7p3302","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u0142 Robaczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051690097","display_name":"Tania Tudorache","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tania Tudorache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA\u00a094305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA\u00a094305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005050797","https://openalex.org/A5082261819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46597724"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81971877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"517","last_page":"544"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.8323938250541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7219365835189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6152316331863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axiom","display_name":"Axiom","score":0.5804665088653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-components","display_name":"Ontology components","score":0.5477695465087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5097958445549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idef5","display_name":"IDEF5","score":0.5036727786064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-optimal-pattern-discovery","display_name":"K-optimal pattern discovery","score":0.4944329261779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-rule-learning","display_name":"Association rule learning","score":0.470798134803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4702419638633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-pattern","display_name":"Structural pattern","score":0.4467610716819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-ontology","display_name":"Formal ontology","score":0.4233621060848236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4206595718860626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.3925517201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggested-upper-merged-ontology","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","score":0.22465506196022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.14970487356185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design","display_name":"Software design","score":0.12754285335540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12444254755973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.11798095703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.08778688311576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06115123629570007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.8323938250541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7219365835189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6152316331863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.5804665088653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154210476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095057","display_name":"Ontology components","level":5,"score":0.5477695465087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5097958445549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118248724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5969997","display_name":"IDEF5","level":4,"score":0.5036727786064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105445830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6322855","display_name":"K-optimal pattern discovery","level":3,"score":0.4944329261779785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193524817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780","display_name":"Association rule learning","level":2,"score":0.470798134803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4702419638633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164202143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635280","display_name":"Structural pattern","level":5,"score":0.4467610716819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437388","display_name":"Formal ontology","level":4,"score":0.4233621060848236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4206595718860626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.3925517201423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.22465506196022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.14970487356185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52913732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857102","display_name":"Software design","level":4,"score":0.12754285335540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12444254755973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.11798095703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.08778688311576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06115123629570007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/sw-170280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-170280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177235","display_name":"Semantic Web","issn_l":"1570-0844","issn":["1570-0844","2210-4968"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Semantic Web","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30505251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30505251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Semantic web","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5240739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6261490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6261490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6261490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Semant Web","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6261490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6261490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Semant Web","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1728561560","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM103316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1810000466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM121724","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2641238297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 GM086587","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321042","display_name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","ror":"https://ror.org/048zd9m77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11893406","https://openalex.org/W50022627","https://openalex.org/W54135064","https://openalex.org/W224398829","https://openalex.org/W1480447656","https://openalex.org/W1490018220","https://openalex.org/W1506285740","https://openalex.org/W1545469724","https://openalex.org/W1553851612","https://openalex.org/W1582918216","https://openalex.org/W1601038846","https://openalex.org/W1602395689","https://openalex.org/W1807996340","https://openalex.org/W1869062475","https://openalex.org/W1903828735","https://openalex.org/W2033982232","https://openalex.org/W2099218891","https://openalex.org/W2105836514","https://openalex.org/W2106788650","https://openalex.org/W2106830745","https://openalex.org/W2113142309","https://openalex.org/W2116034137","https://openalex.org/W2123152121","https://openalex.org/W2129994470","https://openalex.org/W2130420078","https://openalex.org/W2133378824","https://openalex.org/W2137428218","https://openalex.org/W2149378423","https://openalex.org/W2155814345","https://openalex.org/W2159750251","https://openalex.org/W2164053336","https://openalex.org/W2178026535","https://openalex.org/W2293746100","https://openalex.org/W2294292686","https://openalex.org/W2404413498","https://openalex.org/W4240806681","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629248885"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598418648","https://openalex.org/W3004629977","https://openalex.org/W4229712882","https://openalex.org/W176077202","https://openalex.org/W2912941270","https://openalex.org/W4234520368","https://openalex.org/W401031063","https://openalex.org/W13910993","https://openalex.org/W185962977","https://openalex.org/W2612609243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,43,140],"research":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,92,131,164,175,202],"this":[4,167],"work":[5],"is":[6,168,213],"to":[7,61,72,79,188,216,226],"investigate":[8],"modeling":[9],"patterns":[10,16,76,104,125,134,178,205,231],"that":[11,101,184,198,221],"recur":[12],"in":[13,46,55,59,77,158,179,207],"ontologies.":[14,160,180],"Such":[15],"may":[17,25],"originate":[18],"from":[19,95,147],"certain":[20],"design":[21,30,41,82,177,204,230],"solutions,":[22],"and":[23,65,123,127,155],"they":[24,199],"possibly":[26],"indicate":[27],"emerging":[28,40,81,176,229],"ontology":[29,53,150,203,234],"patterns.":[31,42,83],"We":[32,84,99],"describe":[33],"our":[34,165,211],"tree-mining":[35],"method":[36,44,171,212],"for":[37,172,192,232],"identifying":[38],"the":[39,52,96,114,132,148,162,169,208],"works":[45],"two":[47],"steps:":[48],"(1)":[49],"we":[50,68,120,182,185,194,219,222],"transform":[51],"axioms":[54],"a":[56,90,144],"tree":[57],"shape":[58],"order":[60,78],"find":[62,121],"axiom":[63,75,103],"patterns;":[64],"then,":[66],"(2)":[67],"use":[69],"association":[70],"analysis":[71],"mine":[73],"co-occuring":[74],"extract":[80],"conduct":[85],"an":[86],"experimental":[87],"study":[88],"on":[89],"set":[91,151],"331":[93],"ontologies":[94],"BioPortal":[97],"repository.":[98],"show":[100],"recurring":[102],"appear":[105],"across":[106,113],"all":[107],"individual":[108,118],"ontologies,":[109,119,218],"as":[110,112],"well":[111],"whole":[115,149],"set.":[116],"In":[117],"frequent":[122],"non-trivial":[124],"with":[126],"without":[128,143],"variables.":[129],"Some":[130],"former":[133],"have":[135,195],"more":[136],"than":[137],"300,000":[138],"occurrences.":[139],"longest":[141],"pattern":[142],"variable":[145],"discovered":[146],"has":[152],"size":[153],"12,":[154],"it":[156],"appears":[157],"14":[159],"To":[161],"best":[163],"knowledge,":[166],"first":[170],"automatic":[173],"discovery":[174],"Finally,":[181],"demonstrate":[183],"are":[186,200],"able":[187,225],"automatically":[189],"detect":[190],"patterns,":[191],"which":[193],"manually":[196],"confirmed":[197],"fragments":[201],"described":[206],"literature.":[209],"Since":[210],"not":[214],"specific":[215],"particular":[217],"conclude":[220],"should":[223],"be":[224],"discover":[227],"new,":[228],"arbitrary":[233],"sets.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
