{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386834857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ssw230013","title":"COBALT: A Content-Based Similarity Approach for Link Discovery over Geospatial Knowledge Graphs","display_name":"COBALT: A Content-Based Similarity Approach for Link Discovery over Geospatial Knowledge Graphs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386834857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ssw230013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ssw230013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ssw230013","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SSW230013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172742","display_name":"Studies on the semantic web","issn_l":"2215-0870","issn":["2215-0870"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies on the Semantic Web","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SSW230013","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102851869","display_name":"Alexander Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8212-4647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["DICE group, Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DICE group, Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088909474","display_name":"Abdullah Fathi Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0668-0735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["DICE group, Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DICE group, Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052233342","display_name":"Mohamed Ahmed Sherif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-2203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ahmed Sherif","raw_affiliation_strings":["DICE group, Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DICE group, Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038745720","display_name":"Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-3516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["DICE group, Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DICE group, Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102851869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32028112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.8651041984558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.7074451446533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5853055715560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.546924352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.5397573113441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.436631441116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.43382686376571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40254783630371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3783976435661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33384162187576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.31533083319664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19525641202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10109788179397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09217599034309387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.8651041984558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.7074451446533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5853055715560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.546924352645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.5397573113441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.436631441116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43382686376571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40254783630371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3783976435661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33384162187576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.31533083319664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19525641202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10109788179397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09217599034309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ssw230013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ssw230013","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SSW230013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172742","display_name":"Studies on the semantic web","issn_l":"2215-0870","issn":["2215-0870"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies on the Semantic Web","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ssw230013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ssw230013","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SSW230013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172742","display_name":"Studies on the semantic web","issn_l":"2215-0870","issn":["2215-0870"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies on the Semantic Web","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2787047415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101070305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5987086474","display_name":"Efficient Explainable Learning on Knowledge Graphs","funder_award_id":"101070305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328599","display_name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386834857.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31497229","https://openalex.org/W66323391","https://openalex.org/W188370263","https://openalex.org/W1483669204","https://openalex.org/W1526337814","https://openalex.org/W1981934656","https://openalex.org/W2026361489","https://openalex.org/W2081437987","https://openalex.org/W2117074936","https://openalex.org/W2159129642","https://openalex.org/W2551510360","https://openalex.org/W2605104193","https://openalex.org/W2767852553","https://openalex.org/W2896925589","https://openalex.org/W3156911262","https://openalex.org/W3193303674","https://openalex.org/W4242599275","https://openalex.org/W4406406874","https://openalex.org/W6736314661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367313141","https://openalex.org/W4283374591","https://openalex.org/W2004086023","https://openalex.org/W2733999579","https://openalex.org/W2110217573","https://openalex.org/W2910751785","https://openalex.org/W4390100400","https://openalex.org/W4366547507","https://openalex.org/W2359860218","https://openalex.org/W2748818261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"Data":[1],"integration":[2],"and":[3,66,137,200],"applications":[4,193],"across":[5],"knowledge":[6],"graphs":[7],"(KGs)":[8],"rely":[9],"heavily":[10],"on":[11,62,102,140],"the":[12,41,51,63,69,74,79,95,113,141,163,181,184,209,214,217,221,229,232],"discovery":[13,23,42,116],"of":[14,30,35,43,68,73,97,151,169,183,211,216,231],"links":[15,171],"between":[16,135,172],"resources":[17,174],"within":[18],"these":[19],"KGs.":[20],"Geospatial":[21],"link":[22],"algorithms":[24,130],"have":[25],"to":[26,110,122,147,153,226],"deal":[27],"with":[28,54],"millions":[29],"point":[31],"sets":[32],"containing":[33],"billions":[34],"points.":[36],"Methodology:":[37],"To":[38],"speed":[39,111],"up":[40,78,112,121,152],"geospatial":[44,118,173],"links,":[45],"we":[46,144],"propose":[47,88],"COBALT.":[48,98],"COBALT":[49,107],"combines":[50],"content":[52,58,164],"measures":[53,59],"R-tree":[55],"indexing.":[56],"The":[57,167],"are":[60],"based":[61],"area,":[64],"diagonal":[65],"distance":[67],"minimum":[70],"bounding":[71],"boxes":[72],"polygons":[75,212],"which":[76],"speeds":[77],"process":[80,168],"but":[81],"is":[82,108,187],"not":[83],"perfectly":[84],"accurate.":[85],"We":[86],"thus":[87],"two":[89],"polygon":[90,158],"splitting":[91,159],"approaches":[92,160],"for":[93,190],"improving":[94],"accuracy":[96,230],"Findings:":[99],"Our":[100],"experiments":[101],"real-world":[103],"datasets":[104],"show":[105],"that":[106],"able":[109,146],"topological":[114],"relation":[115],"over":[117,127],"KGs":[119],"by":[120,155,179,220],"1.47":[123],"\u00d7":[124],"104":[125],"times":[126],"state-of-the-art":[128],"linking":[129],"while":[131],"maintaining":[132],"an":[133,149],"F-Measure":[134,150],"0.7":[136],"0.9":[138],"depending":[139],"relation.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"were":[145],"achieve":[148],"0.99":[154],"applying":[156,162],"our":[157],"before":[161],"measures.":[165],"Value:":[166],"discovering":[170],"can":[175],"be":[176,224],"significantly":[177],"faster":[178],"sacrificing":[180],"optimality":[182],"results.":[185,233],"This":[186],"especially":[188],"important":[189],"real-time":[191],"data-driven":[192],"such":[194],"as":[195],"emergency":[196],"response,":[197],"location-based":[198],"services":[199],"traffic":[201],"management.":[202],"In":[203],"future":[204],"work,":[205],"additional":[206],"measures,":[207],"like":[208],"location":[210],"or":[213],"name":[215],"entity":[218],"represented":[219],"polygon,":[222],"could":[223],"integrated":[225],"further":[227],"improve":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}