{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162040880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti260599","title":"The ESCAPE Framework: A Practical Two-Phase Mixed-Methods Approach for Usability Evaluation of Interoperable Health IT","display_name":"The ESCAPE Framework: A Practical Two-Phase Mixed-Methods Approach for Usability Evaluation of Interoperable Health IT","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162040880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti260599","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42175268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti260599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti260599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti260599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032551049","display_name":"Hwayoung Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-5309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwayoung Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-5309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136618552","display_name":"Yingwei Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingwei Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113364443","display_name":"Taeheon Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132857","display_name":"Ghent University Global Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/041bygf77","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeheon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1930-5836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136426597","display_name":"B Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324682000","display_name":"Regenstrief Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05f2ywb48","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University and Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-5429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University and Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324682000","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136641338","display_name":"Gail Keenan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-2524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail Keenan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-2524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55976864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"336","issue":null,"first_page":"1989","last_page":"1993"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.8797000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.8797000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.026799999177455902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.9185000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.8508999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.8352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6251000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-evaluation","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-walkthrough","display_name":"Cognitive walkthrough","score":0.5752000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pluralistic-walkthrough","display_name":"Pluralistic walkthrough","score":0.5281000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-technology","display_name":"Health information technology","score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-decision-support-system","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability-engineering","display_name":"Usability engineering","score":0.4523000121116638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.9185000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.8508999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.8352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7059000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6251000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3255780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616517","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","level":3,"score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87105883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107002","display_name":"Cognitive walkthrough","level":4,"score":0.5752000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188688815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205541","display_name":"Pluralistic walkthrough","level":3,"score":0.5281000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776354556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10910281","display_name":"Health information technology","level":3,"score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.474700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100302975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642623","display_name":"Usability engineering","level":3,"score":0.4523000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62993174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928808","display_name":"Usability goals","level":4,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4237393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1636686","display_name":"Web usability","level":3,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23456302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901668","display_name":"Usability inspection","level":4,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192800085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5258530","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","level":3,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11324603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2502322","display_name":"Usability lab","level":4,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139225968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146354","display_name":"System usability scale","level":4,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475740","display_name":"Design science research","level":3,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073892","descriptor_name":"Health Information Interoperability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073892","descriptor_name":"Health Information Interoperability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073892","descriptor_name":"Health Information Interoperability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073892","descriptor_name":"Health Information Interoperability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073892","descriptor_name":"Health Information Interoperability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000097103","descriptor_name":"Digital Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti260599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti260599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:42175268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42175268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13367923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13367923/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stud Health Technol Inform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti260599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti260599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Persistent":[0],"usability":[1,50,84],"challenges":[2],"in":[3,92],"health":[4,31,45,127],"information":[5],"technology":[6],"(health":[7],"IT)":[8],"contribute":[9],"to":[10,117],"documentation":[11],"burden,":[12],"workflow":[13,56],"inefficiency,":[14],"and":[15,29,40,58,87,95,102,113,121],"clinician":[16],"burnout,":[17],"particularly":[18],"for":[19,67,83,123],"interoperable":[20,126],"tools":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,37,76],"clinical":[24],"decision":[25],"support":[26,118],"(CDS)":[27],"systems":[28],"mobile":[30],"(mHealth)":[32],"applications":[33],"that":[34],"are":[35],"developed":[36,63],"stand-alone":[38],"solutions":[39],"later":[41],"integrated":[42],"with":[43],"electronic":[44],"record":[46],"(EHR)":[47],"systems.":[48],"Poor":[49],"can":[51],"disrupt":[52],"data":[53],"flow,":[54],"hinder":[55],"integration,":[57],"undermine":[59],"interoperability":[60],"goals.":[61],"We":[62],"the":[64],"Efficient":[65],"Strategy":[66],"Comprehensively":[68],"Assessing":[69],"(and":[70],"fixing)":[71],"Problems":[72],"Early":[73],"(ESCAPE)":[74],"framework":[75],"a":[77],"practical,":[78],"theory-driven,":[79],"two-phase":[80],"mixed-methods":[81],"approach":[82],"evaluation":[85],"before":[86],"after":[88],"EHR":[89],"interfacing.":[90],"Grounded":[91],"human-computer":[93],"interaction":[94],"implementation":[96],"science":[97],"principles,":[98],"ESCAPE":[99],"integrates":[100],"expert":[101],"end-user":[103],"evaluations":[104],"using":[105],"heuristic":[106],"evaluation,":[107],"task-based":[108],"think-aloud":[109],"protocols,":[110],"perceived-usability":[111],"surveys,":[112],"cross-phase":[114],"focus":[115],"groups":[116],"iterative":[119],"refinement":[120],"readiness":[122],"adoption":[124],"of":[125],"IT":[128],"tools.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-02T07:38:04.252551","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}
