{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413050445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251245","title":"FairFML: A Unified Approach to Algorithmic Fair Federated Learning with Applications to Reducing Gender Disparities in Cardiac Arrest Outcomes","display_name":"FairFML: A Unified Approach to Algorithmic Fair Federated Learning with Applications to Reducing Gender Disparities in Cardiac Arrest Outcomes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413050445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251245","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40776262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti251245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251245","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336560","display_name":"Siqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2085-4938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiming Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0845-9524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiming Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0845-9524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8659-5425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8659-5425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114036400","display_name":"Di Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5381-9198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5381-9198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052512997","display_name":"Chuan Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-9559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-9559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenjun Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9811-1725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9811-1725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040839683","display_name":"Yilin Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-4472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-4472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100881490","display_name":"Yuqing Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3249-4869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3249-4869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367554","display_name":"Nan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-4883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-4883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100336560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93073694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"329","issue":null,"first_page":"1848","last_page":"1849"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9226999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9226999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9132000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9129999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.854223370552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7251005172729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.7210750579833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sharing","display_name":"Data sharing","score":0.6128811240196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-equity","display_name":"Health equity","score":0.59254390001297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4426558017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4321167469024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.38762131333351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30682170391082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2978966236114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16399317979812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14643481373786926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.854223370552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7251005172729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.7210750579833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.6128811240196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.59254390001297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4426558017730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4321167469024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.38762131333351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30682170391082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2978966236114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16399317979812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14643481373786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098407","descriptor_name":"Federated Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006323","descriptor_name":"Heart Arrest","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti251245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:40776262","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40776262","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti251245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298221930","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2777914285","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4410295802","https://openalex.org/W2163184657","https://openalex.org/W2018661294","https://openalex.org/W4318965972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Addressing":[0],"algorithmic":[1,63],"bias":[2],"in":[3,10,14,70,77],"healthcare":[4],"is":[5],"crucial":[6],"for":[7],"ensuring":[8],"equity":[9],"patient":[11,67],"outcomes,":[12,80],"particularly":[13],"cross-institutional":[15],"collaborations":[16],"where":[17],"privacy":[18],"constraints":[19],"often":[20],"limit":[21],"data":[22],"sharing.":[23],"Federated":[24,53],"learning":[25],"(FL)":[26],"offers":[27],"a":[28,57,71],"solution":[29],"by":[30,84],"enabling":[31],"institutions":[32],"to":[33,44,61,86,89],"collaboratively":[34],"train":[35],"models":[36],"without":[37,92],"sharing":[38],"sensitive":[39],"data,":[40],"but":[41],"challenges":[42],"related":[43],"fairness":[45,83],"remain.":[46],"To":[47],"tackle":[48],"this,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"Fair":[52],"Machine":[54],"Learning":[55],"(FairFML),":[56],"model-agnostic":[58],"framework":[59],"designed":[60],"reduce":[62],"disparities":[64,76],"while":[65],"preserving":[66],"privacy.":[68],"Validated":[69],"real-world":[72],"study":[73],"on":[74],"gender":[75],"cardiac":[78],"arrest":[79],"FairFML":[81],"improved":[82],"up":[85],"65%":[87],"compared":[88],"centralized":[90],"models,":[91],"compromising":[93],"predictive":[94],"performance.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}