{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413050806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251114","title":"\u201cCan ChatGPT Answer Patient\u2019s Questions?\u201d: A Preliminary Analysis","display_name":"\u201cCan ChatGPT Answer Patient\u2019s Questions?\u201d: A Preliminary Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413050806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251114","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40776131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti251114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251114","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010832600","display_name":"Donghua Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7801-8919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169222155","display_name":"Chicago Department of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/045v7ay82","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169222155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097218","display_name":"Chicago Public Library","ror":"https://ror.org/00w19nh03","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097218"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donghua Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7801-8919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097218","https://openalex.org/I169222155","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039465132","display_name":"Karl M. Kochendorfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-5357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl M. Kochendorfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family &Community Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-5357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family &Community Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078183414","display_name":"Tina Griffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-2364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169222155","display_name":"Chicago Department of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/045v7ay82","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169222155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097218","display_name":"Chicago Public Library","ror":"https://ror.org/00w19nh03","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097218"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-2364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097218","https://openalex.org/I169222155","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119245370","display_name":"Quincy D. McCrary","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5522-8729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169222155","display_name":"Chicago Department of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/045v7ay82","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169222155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097218","display_name":"Chicago Public Library","ror":"https://ror.org/00w19nh03","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097218"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quincy McCrary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5522-8729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097218","https://openalex.org/I169222155","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anuj Gautam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9503-558X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150566","display_name":"Medical Discovery Partners (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sxjet04","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150566"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuj Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Discovery Partners Institute, Chicago IL, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9503-558X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Discovery Partners Institute, Chicago IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119245371","display_name":"Bichoy S.R. Labib","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16820183","display_name":"Illinois College","ror":"https://ror.org/02ys5x139","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16820183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bichoy S.R. Labib","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I16820183","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086442034","display_name":"Mohammad Arvan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-4559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Arvan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family &Community Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9155-4559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family &Community Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jason Flynn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169222155","display_name":"Chicago Department of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/045v7ay82","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169222155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097218","display_name":"Chicago Public Library","ror":"https://ror.org/00w19nh03","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097218"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097218","https://openalex.org/I169222155","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119245372","display_name":"Kaitlyn Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086822","display_name":"Glenbrook Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/003t0xc83","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339509835","https://openalex.org/I4210086822"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitlyn Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glenbrook South High School, Glenview IL, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glenbrook South High School, Glenview IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010832600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169222155","https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I4210097218"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3022508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"329","issue":null,"first_page":"1586","last_page":"1587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9236999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48013707995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3796696662902832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48013707995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3796696662902832}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098842","descriptor_name":"Generative Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054626","descriptor_name":"Consumer Health Information","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054626","descriptor_name":"Consumer Health Information","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti251114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:40776131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40776131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti251114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti251114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whether":[0],"ChatGPT's":[1,24,31],"answers":[2,25,149,179],"to":[3,22,99,150,176,184],"medical":[4,35,197],"questions":[5,36,48,152,198],"are":[6],"accurate,":[7],"reliable,":[8],"and":[9,11,53,93,116,124,127,157,180,213,217],"trustworthy,":[10],"whether":[12],"the":[13,39,50,80,146,151,178,182,192,196,202],"public,":[14],"not":[15],"having":[16],"a":[17,154],"health":[18],"background,":[19],"knows":[20],"how":[21,195],"evaluate":[23],"remains":[26],"unclear.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29,161],"assessed":[30],"performance":[32,111],"in":[33,145],"answering":[34],"posed":[37],"by":[38],"public.":[40],"An":[41],"existing":[42],"clinical":[43],"question":[44,155],"dataset":[45],"of":[46,82,148,194,204],"consumer":[47],"from":[49,97],"NIH":[51],"Genetic":[52],"Rare":[54],"Diseases":[55],"Information":[56],"Center":[57],"(GARD)":[58],"was":[59],"used":[60],"for":[61,70],"this":[62,83],"study.":[63,84],"API":[64],"calls":[65],"produced":[66],"1467":[67],"question-answer":[68,74],"pairs":[69,75],"GPT-4-0613":[71],"(ChatGPT-4.0).":[72],"100":[73],"were":[76,86,143,199],"randomly":[77],"selected":[78],"as":[79],"sample":[81],"They":[85],"evaluated":[87],"on":[88,112,118,122,129,131,135,201],"two":[89,137],"criteria,":[90],"Scientific":[91,119],"Accuracy,":[92,120],"Comprehensiveness,":[94,123],"with":[95,211],"scales":[96],"0":[98],"5.":[100],"The":[101],"results":[102,162],"showed":[103],"that":[104,164],"ChatGPT-4.0":[105],"provided":[106],"about":[107],"90%":[108],"above":[109],"average":[110,130],"scale":[113,132],"points":[114],"4":[115],"5":[117],"84%":[121],"approximately":[125],"7%":[126],"14%":[128],"point":[133],"3":[134],"these":[136],"quality":[138,147,203],"criteria.":[139],"No":[140],"statistical":[141],"differences":[142],"found":[144],"following":[153],"framework":[156],"those":[158],"without.":[159],"These":[160],"indicate":[163],"healthcare":[165,169,208,212],"consumers":[166],"must":[167],"consult":[168],"providers":[170],"and/or":[171],"other":[172],"reliable":[173],"information":[174,214],"resources":[175],"verify":[177],"gauge":[181],"applicability":[183],"individual":[185],"situations.":[186],"Further":[187],"studies":[188],"can":[189],"include":[190],"investigating":[191],"impact":[193],"asked":[200],"ChatGPT":[205],"answers,":[206],"comparing":[207],"consumers'":[209],"evaluations":[210],"professionals'":[215],"evaluations,":[216],"so":[218],"on.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}