{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413040059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250896","title":"Towards Real-Time Detection of Fatty Liver Disease in Ultrasound Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities","display_name":"Towards Real-Time Detection of Fatty Liver Disease in Ultrasound Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413040059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250896","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40775914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250896","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047096624","display_name":"Fahad Muflih Alshagathrh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-0417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad M. Alshagathrh","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-0417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041103063","display_name":"Jens Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-9628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mowafa S. Househ","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mowafa S. Househ","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39890351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"329","issue":null,"first_page":"530","last_page":"534"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10351","display_name":"Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.7738572359085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.7682294249534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7049261927604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5982927083969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4782475531101227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.4583510756492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3517712950706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.21106025576591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.17452320456504822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.7738572359085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7682294249534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7049261927604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5982927083969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4782475531101227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.4583510756492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3517712950706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.21106025576591492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.17452320456504822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065626","descriptor_name":"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065626","descriptor_name":"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:40775914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40775914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2469820710","https://openalex.org/W4321276295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,67],"AI":[4],"framework":[5,62],"for":[6,40,79],"real-time":[7],"NAFLD":[8],"detection":[9],"using":[10],"ultrasound":[11],"imaging,":[12],"addressing":[13],"operator":[14],"dependency,":[15],"imaging":[16],"variability,":[17],"and":[18,28,34,66,76,82,95],"class":[19],"imbalance.":[20],"It":[21],"integrates":[22],"CNNs":[23,73],"with":[24,97],"machine":[25],"learning":[26],"classifiers":[27],"applies":[29],"preprocessing":[30],"techniques,":[31],"including":[32],"normalization":[33],"GAN-based":[35],"augmentation,":[36],"to":[37,48],"enhance":[38],"prediction":[39],"underrepresented":[41],"disease":[42],"stages.":[43],"Grad-CAM":[44],"provides":[45],"visual":[46],"explanations":[47],"support":[49],"clinical":[50,98],"interpretation.":[51],"Trained":[52],"on":[53],"10,352":[54],"annotated":[55],"images":[56],"from":[57],"multiple":[58],"Saudi":[59],"centers,":[60],"the":[61],"achieved":[63],"98.9%":[64],"accuracy":[65],"AUC":[68],"of":[69],"0.99,":[70],"outperforming":[71],"baseline":[72],"by":[74],"12.4%":[75],"improving":[77],"sensitivity":[78],"advanced":[80],"fibrosis":[81],"subtle":[83],"features.":[84],"Future":[85],"work":[86],"will":[87],"extend":[88],"multi-class":[89],"classification,":[90],"validate":[91],"performance":[92],"across":[93],"settings,":[94],"integrate":[96],"systems.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}