{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413040244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250805","title":"A Nomenclature of Health Services for Universal Health Coverage Monitoring in Low and Middle-Income Countries","display_name":"A Nomenclature of Health Services for Universal Health Coverage Monitoring in Low and Middle-Income Countries","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413040244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250805","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40775823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250805","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093789065","display_name":"Alain Ndayikunda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4998-1888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800696149","display_name":"Republic of Burundi","ror":"https://ror.org/02vz62k77","country_code":"BI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800696149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120717","display_name":"Faculty of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqv1s26","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120717"]}],"countries":["BI","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Ndayikunda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, VUB, Belgium","Digital Health Research Unit, INSP, Bujumbura, Burundi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4998-1888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, VUB, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120717"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Research Unit, INSP, Bujumbura, Burundi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800696149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051996193","display_name":"Frank Verbeke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-6946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800696149","display_name":"Republic of Burundi","ror":"https://ror.org/02vz62k77","country_code":"BI","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800696149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087710","display_name":"Victoria University of Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/0054vex45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087710"]}],"countries":["BD","BI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Verbeke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, VUB, Belgium","Digital Health Research Unit, INSP, Bujumbura, Burundi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, VUB, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Health Research Unit, INSP, Bujumbura, Burundi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800696149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049466532","display_name":"Ronald Buyl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-9505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120717","display_name":"Faculty of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqv1s26","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120717"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Buyl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, VUB, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, VUB, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46282639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"329","issue":null,"first_page":"78","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14400","display_name":"Medical Coding and Health Information","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.7435782551765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.6860262751579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5680650472640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.5612845420837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nomenclature","display_name":"Nomenclature","score":0.5244063138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.4619166851043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.3226841688156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28580549359321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.2817220091819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22655847668647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17408931255340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1380835771560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.09139645099639893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.7435782551765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.6860262751579285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5680650472640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.5612845420837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514705636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863247","display_name":"Nomenclature","level":3,"score":0.5244063138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4619166851043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3226841688156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28580549359321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2817220091819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22655847668647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17408931255340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1380835771560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.09139645099639893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019472","descriptor_name":"Universal Health Insurance","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019472","descriptor_name":"Universal Health Insurance","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:40775823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40775823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:264994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI250805","pdf_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubirfiles/212884503/SHTI-329-SHTI250805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1539704186","https://openalex.org/W4254109238","https://openalex.org/W2399890175","https://openalex.org/W4308177873","https://openalex.org/W3202479762","https://openalex.org/W2480493049","https://openalex.org/W2592115649","https://openalex.org/W4322582183","https://openalex.org/W1937392525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"support":[1],"implementation":[2],"of":[3,16,33,41,76,103,124,144,150,161,170],"Universal":[4,101],"Health":[5,104],"Coverage,":[6],"several":[7,28],"low-":[8],"and":[9,39,70,83,119,165],"middle-income":[10],"countries":[11],"(LMIC)":[12],"have":[13],"begun":[14],"digitization":[15,25],"their":[17],"health":[18,48,113,153,171],"care":[19,49,146,163],"systems.":[20],"Despite":[21],"the":[22,58,64,79,122,151,167],"successes":[23],"achieved,":[24],"still":[26],"poses":[27],"challenges":[29],"such":[30],"as":[31,130],"lack":[32,40],"technical":[34],"interoperability":[35],"between":[36],"information":[37,61],"systems":[38],"an":[42],"internationally":[43],"standardized":[44],"nomenclature":[45,110],"for":[46,60,74,111,142,166,179],"billable":[47,112],"services,":[50,114,172],"although":[51],"WHO":[52],"states":[53],"that":[54,134],"this":[55],"should":[56],"be":[57,87],"basis":[59],"exchange":[62],"in":[63,97,148,176],"healthcare":[65],"sector.":[66],"Several":[67],"international":[68,117],"classifications":[69,118],"nomenclatures":[71],"are":[72],"available":[73],"sub-areas":[75],"care,":[77],"but":[78],"question":[80],"remains":[81],"whether":[82],"how":[84],"these":[85],"can":[86],"merged":[88],"into":[89],"a":[90,107],"single":[91],"comprehensive":[92,109],"nomenclature.":[93],"Research":[94],"was":[95,128,132],"done":[96],"Burundi":[98],"to":[99,121,158],"develop":[100],"Nomenclature":[102],"Services":[105],"(UNHS),":[106],"generic,":[108],"based":[115],"on":[116],"adapted":[120],"context":[123],"LMIC.":[125],"The":[126,155],"need":[127],"clear":[129],"it":[131],"found":[133],"2":[135],"or":[136],"more":[137],"different":[138],"codes":[139,174],"were":[140],"used":[141],"billing":[143],"identical":[145],"services":[147,164],"100%":[149],"sampled":[152],"facilities.":[154],"UNHS":[156],"succeeded":[157],"standardize":[159],"97.7%":[160],"common":[162],"remaining":[168],"2.3%":[169],"national":[173],"remain":[175],"use,":[177],"mostly":[178],"operational":[180],"reasons.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-24T07:32:12.397491","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}