{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410447744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250477","title":"Identifying Long COVID Patients Using General Practice Data: Challenges, Classification and Long COVID Patterns","display_name":"Identifying Long COVID Patients Using General Practice Data: Challenges, Classification and Long COVID Patterns","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410447744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40380585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250477","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI250477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI250477","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074725957","display_name":"Mirela Prgomet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-3680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirela Prgomet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-3680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053657584","display_name":"Abbish Kamalakkannan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-4122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbish Kamalakkannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-4122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081970219","display_name":"Judith Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-9124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judith Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-9124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101451450","display_name":"Christopher Pearce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-6033"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Outcome Health, Blackburn, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Outcome Health, Blackburn, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007250710","display_name":"Adam McLeod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-6783"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam McLeod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Outcome Health, Blackburn, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Outcome Health, Blackburn, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043808206","display_name":"Karina Gardner","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karina Gardner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Outcome Health, Blackburn, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Outcome Health, Blackburn, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066735173","display_name":"Andrew Georgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-3668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Georgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-3668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27909223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"327","issue":null,"first_page":"838","last_page":"842"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11763","display_name":"Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.9553999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.9127078652381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.6634643077850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.6632453799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4233863353729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3726811110973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3029985725879669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.28182488679885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.07939121127128601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.0595320463180542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.9127078652381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.6634643077850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.6632453799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4233863353729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3726811110973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3029985725879669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.28182488679885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07939121127128601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0595320463180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000094024","descriptor_name":"Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000094024","descriptor_name":"Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058006","descriptor_name":"General Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058006","descriptor_name":"General Practice","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250477","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI250477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:40380585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40380585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250477","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI250477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410447744.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410447744.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036314732","https://openalex.org/W3009669391","https://openalex.org/W3176864053","https://openalex.org/W4206669628","https://openalex.org/W3171943759","https://openalex.org/W4292098121","https://openalex.org/W3154141118","https://openalex.org/W4388896133","https://openalex.org/W3031607536","https://openalex.org/W4224279380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"General":[0],"practice":[1,40,117],"data,":[2,118],"extracted":[3],"from":[4],"electronic":[5],"medical":[6],"records,":[7],"holds":[8],"immense":[9],"potential":[10],"to":[11,31,140],"generate":[12],"a":[13,37,87],"wealth":[14],"of":[15,80,95,105,123,131,144],"public":[16],"health":[17],"knowledge.":[18],"But":[19],"it":[20],"is":[21],"not":[22],"without":[23],"challenges.":[24],"Our":[25],"aim":[26],"in":[27,67,120],"this":[28,108],"study":[29,109],"was":[30],"identify":[32],"long":[33,60,74,83,96,124],"COVID":[34,61,75,84,90,97],"patients":[35,85,98],"within":[36],"large":[38],"general":[39,69,116,135],"dataset":[41],"through":[42],"data":[43,55,138,145],"classification.":[44],"We":[45,63],"discuss":[46],"the":[47,58,81,121,128,142],"classification":[48],"and":[49,52,72,101,126,137],"its":[50],"validation,":[51],"present":[53],"initial":[54],"patterns":[56],"for":[57,113],"identified":[59,82],"cohort.":[62],"found":[64],"significant":[65],"variation":[66],"how":[68],"practitioners":[70],"document":[71],"describe":[73],"presentations.":[76],"Less":[77],"than":[78],"half":[79],"had":[86],"documented":[88],"acute":[89],"infection.":[91],"The":[92],"highest":[93],"proportion":[94],"were":[99],"female":[100],"those":[102],"40-49":[103],"years":[104],"age.":[106],"Overall,":[107],"highlights":[110],"key":[111],"lessons":[112],"researchers":[114],"utilizing":[115],"particularly":[119],"context":[122],"COVID,":[125],"underscores":[127],"vital":[129],"importance":[130],"collaboration":[132],"between":[133],"researchers,":[134],"practitioners,":[136],"custodians":[139],"ensure":[141],"robustness":[143],"underpinning":[146],"knowledge":[147],"translation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
