{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410447898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250290","title":"Fine-Tuning an Existing Large Language Model with Knowledge from the Medical Expert System Hepaxpert","display_name":"Fine-Tuning an Existing Large Language Model with Knowledge from the Medical Expert System Hepaxpert","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410447898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250290","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40380402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250290","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI250290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI250290","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114062744","display_name":"J. Kainz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Kainz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092363885","display_name":"Philipp Seisl","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Seisl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068636397","display_name":"M. Grob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7867-9465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161878677","display_name":"Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/04j47vk14","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161878677","https://openalex.org/I4210107880"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Grob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria","Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7867-9465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161878677","https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095928451","display_name":"Leonhard Hauptfeld","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonhard Hauptfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5902-4666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117573303","display_name":"Jonas Wahringer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Wahringer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060743633","display_name":"Andrea Rappelsberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0345-4011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161878677","display_name":"Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/04j47vk14","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161878677","https://openalex.org/I4210107880"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Rappelsberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0345-4011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161878677","https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008453675","display_name":"Klaus-Peter Adlassnig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5046-1549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161878677","display_name":"Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/04j47vk14","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161878677","https://openalex.org/I4210107880"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus-Peter Adlassnig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria","Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5046-1549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medexter Healthcare, Borschkegasse 7/5, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Data Science, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161878677","https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0932,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94781826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"327","issue":null,"first_page":"143","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9430999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9222999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7320755124092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.6237500309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5370157957077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.5064839124679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.5044256448745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5016634464263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.48509466648101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.4758862257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.42157161235809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.38332003355026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35257112979888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32926028966903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18197759985923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.16945913434028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.1330481469631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12622547149658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11010909080505371}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7320755124092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.6237500309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5370157957077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.5064839124679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5044256448745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5016634464263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48509466648101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.4758862257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42157161235809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38332003355026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35257112979888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32926028966903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18197759985923767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.16945913434028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.1330481469631195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12622547149658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11010909080505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098342","descriptor_name":"Large Language Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005103","descriptor_name":"Expert Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005103","descriptor_name":"Expert Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011381","descriptor_name":"Programming Languages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250290","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI250290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:40380402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40380402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti250290","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti250290","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI250290","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410447898.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410447898.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743849214","https://openalex.org/W2395092600","https://openalex.org/W4256616184","https://openalex.org/W2186155471","https://openalex.org/W632005469","https://openalex.org/W2000803355","https://openalex.org/W2921792786","https://openalex.org/W1752292405","https://openalex.org/W1830892038","https://openalex.org/W2388729575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72,91],"analysis":[1],"and":[2],"individual":[3],"interpretation":[4,37],"of":[5,96,108],"hepatitis":[6,35],"serology":[7,36],"test":[8],"results":[9],"is":[10],"a":[11,29,39],"complex":[12],"task":[13],"in":[14,98],"laboratory":[15],"medicine,":[16],"requiring":[17],"either":[18],"experienced":[19],"physicians":[20],"or":[21],"specialized":[22],"expert":[23,52,101],"systems.":[24],"This":[25],"study":[26],"explores":[27],"fine-tuning":[28],"large":[30],"language":[31],"model":[32,82],"(LLM)":[33],"for":[34],"using":[38,87],"single":[40],"graphics":[41],"processing":[42],"unit":[43],"(GPU).":[44],"A":[45],"custom":[46],"dataset":[47],"based":[48],"on":[49,63],"the":[50,58,80,88,94,106],"Hepaxpert":[51,86],"system":[53],"was":[54,61],"used":[55],"to":[56,85],"train":[57],"LLM.":[59],"Fine-tuning":[60],"performed":[62],"an":[64],"Nvidia":[65],"RTX":[66],"6000":[67],"Ada":[68],"GPU":[69],"via":[70],"torchtune.":[71],"fine-tuned":[73],"LLM":[74],"showed":[75],"significant":[76],"performance":[77],"improvements":[78],"over":[79],"base":[81],"when":[83],"compared":[84],"METEOR":[89],"algorithm.":[90],"findings":[92],"highlight":[93],"potential":[95],"LLMs":[97],"enhancing":[99],"medical":[100],"systems":[102],"as":[103,105],"well":[104],"significance":[107],"domain-specific":[109],"fine-tuning.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
