{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404611699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241092","title":"Horse Diagnosis and Triage Accuracy of GPT-4o","display_name":"Horse Diagnosis and Triage Accuracy of GPT-4o","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404611699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241092","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39575808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti241092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241092","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI241092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI241092","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063964046","display_name":"Laura Haase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-7334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205892228","display_name":"Berlin School of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/03rkmps36","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205892228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162051","display_name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus","ror":"https://ror.org/04za5zm41","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Haase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cooperative Studies \u2013 Computer Science, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Berlin, Germany","Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1632-7334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cooperative Studies \u2013 Computer Science, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205892228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066390905","display_name":"Dagmar Monett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-972X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205892228","display_name":"Berlin School of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/03rkmps36","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205892228"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dagmar Monett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cooperative Studies \u2013 Computer Science, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-972X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cooperative Studies \u2013 Computer Science, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205892228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072891251","display_name":"Martin Sedlmayr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-8460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162051","display_name":"University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus","ror":"https://ror.org/04za5zm41","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Sedlmayr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-8460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063964046"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205892228","https://openalex.org/I4210162051","https://openalex.org/I78650965"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93341761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"321","issue":null,"first_page":"200","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9203000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10594","display_name":"Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock","score":0.9203000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triage","display_name":"Triage","score":0.828819751739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.8167493343353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-health","display_name":"Animal health","score":0.42996153235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.4298572838306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4189058542251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veterinary-medicine","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","score":0.3513845205307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29123079776763916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.828819751739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8167493343353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991862235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Animal health","level":2,"score":0.42996153235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.4298572838306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4189058542251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.3513845205307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29123079776763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006734","descriptor_name":"Horse Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006734","descriptor_name":"Horse Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006734","descriptor_name":"Horse Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006734","descriptor_name":"Horse Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014218","descriptor_name":"Triage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014218","descriptor_name":"Triage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014218","descriptor_name":"Triage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014218","descriptor_name":"Triage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti241092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241092","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI241092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:39575808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39575808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti241092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241092","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI241092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404611699.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244703052","https://openalex.org/W573916668","https://openalex.org/W2253652533","https://openalex.org/W2144235366","https://openalex.org/W1746841752","https://openalex.org/W2170209416","https://openalex.org/W2133220257","https://openalex.org/W2940468400","https://openalex.org/W2375687796","https://openalex.org/W2323303890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Animal":[0],"owners":[1],"may":[2],"increasingly":[3],"rely":[4],"on":[5,28],"large":[6],"language":[7],"models":[8],"for":[9,68,125],"gathering":[10],"animal":[11],"health":[12,113],"information":[13],"alongside":[14],"internet":[15],"sources":[16],"in":[17,33,83],"the":[18,29,54,87,105,127],"future.":[19],"This":[20],"study":[21],"therefore":[22],"aims":[23],"to":[24,49,60,79,89,110],"provide":[25],"initial":[26],"results":[27],"accuracy":[30],"of":[31,129],"ChatGPT-4o":[32,76],"triage":[34],"and":[35],"tentative":[36],"diagnostics,":[37],"using":[38],"horses":[39],"as":[40,95],"a":[41,65,91],"case":[42],"study.":[43],"Ten":[44],"test":[45],"vignettes":[46],"were":[47,57],"used":[48],"prompt":[50],"situation":[51],"assessments":[52,62],"from":[53],"tool,":[55],"which":[56],"then":[58],"compared":[59],"original":[61],"made":[63],"by":[64,75,114],"veterinary":[66],"specialist":[67],"horses.":[69],"The":[70],"most":[71,84],"probable":[72],"diagnosis":[73],"suggested":[74],"was":[77],"found":[78],"be":[80],"quite":[81],"accurate":[82],"cases,":[85],"with":[86,101],"urgency":[88],"contact":[90],"veterinarian":[92],"sometimes":[93],"assessed":[94],"higher":[96],"than":[97],"necessary.":[98],"When":[99],"provided":[100],"all":[102],"relevant":[103],"information,":[104],"tool":[106],"does":[107],"not":[108],"seem":[109],"compromise":[111],"horse":[112],"recommending":[115],"excessively":[116],"long":[117],"waiting":[118],"times,":[119],"although":[120],"there":[121],"is":[122],"still":[123],"potential":[124],"improving":[126],"relief":[128],"veterinarians'":[130],"workload.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}