{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404612022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241053","title":"Integrating Clinical Data and Patient-Reported Outcomes for Analyzing Gender Differences and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis Using Machine Learning","display_name":"Integrating Clinical Data and Patient-Reported Outcomes for Analyzing Gender Differences and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis Using Machine Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404612022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241053","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39575772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti241053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241053","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI241053","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI241053","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074838565","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Luisa Viguera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9286-7171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178450904","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia","ror":"https://ror.org/02msb5n36","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minerva Viguera Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas y Salud P\u00fablica UNED-IMIENS, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9286-7171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas y Salud P\u00fablica UNED-IMIENS, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178450904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018067161","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia MARZO SOLA","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138511","display_name":"Hospital San Pedro","ror":"https://ror.org/031va0421","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138511"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Eugenia Marzo Sola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital San Pedro, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital San Pedro, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081310944","display_name":"Ricardo S\u00e1nchez-de-Madariaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6151-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801357902","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088538","display_name":"Escuela Nacional de Sanidad","ror":"https://ror.org/003xj6z62","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210088538","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Sanchez de Madariaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210088538"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114746930","display_name":"Fernando Martin-Sanchez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800562746","display_name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz","ror":"https://ror.org/01s1q0w69","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Martin-Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61843362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"321","issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expanded-disability-status-scale","display_name":"Expanded Disability Status Scale","score":0.5625360608100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5618398785591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-medicine","display_name":"Precision medicine","score":0.5563054084777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.45493727922439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort","display_name":"Cohort","score":0.44644004106521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","score":0.42837631702423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propensity-score-matching","display_name":"Propensity score matching","score":0.4238858222961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.421298623085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","score":0.41650623083114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.4137153923511505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36984413862228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2889100909233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2663686275482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1554465889930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.1335029900074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.09786087274551392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929518","display_name":"Expanded Disability Status Scale","level":3,"score":0.5625360608100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5618398785591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.5563054084777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.45493727922439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.44644004106521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.42837631702423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.4238858222961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.421298623085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.41650623083114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.4137153923511505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36984413862228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2889100909233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2663686275482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1554465889930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1335029900074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.09786087274551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071066","descriptor_name":"Patient Reported Outcome Measures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071066","descriptor_name":"Patient Reported Outcome Measures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071066","descriptor_name":"Patient Reported Outcome Measures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000071066","descriptor_name":"Patient Reported Outcome Measures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013030","descriptor_name":"Spain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013030","descriptor_name":"Spain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013030","descriptor_name":"Spain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013030","descriptor_name":"Spain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti241053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241053","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI241053","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:39575772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39575772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti241053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti241053","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI241053","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404612022.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025909013","https://openalex.org/W2940753023","https://openalex.org/W4290988590","https://openalex.org/W4238477398","https://openalex.org/W2394374926","https://openalex.org/W3140447077","https://openalex.org/W2525470836","https://openalex.org/W1966515383","https://openalex.org/W2228388786","https://openalex.org/W2904916467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple":[0],"sclerosis":[1],"(MS)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,9,48,57,146,192],"complex":[5],"neurodegenerative":[6],"disease":[7,29,97,182],"with":[8,42],"variable":[10],"prognosis":[11],"that":[12,130],"complicates":[13],"effective":[14],"management":[15,197,218],"and":[16,31,77,87,99,121,143,161,184,198,217],"treatment.":[17,187],"This":[18,205],"study":[19,51,206],"leverages":[20],"machine":[21],"learning":[22],"(ML)":[23],"to":[24,92,113,186],"enhance":[25],"the":[26,140,166,200,208,215],"understanding":[27,216],"of":[28,123,168,202,211,219],"progression":[30,183],"uncover":[32],"gender-based":[33],"differences":[34,180],"in":[35,61,157,170,181,195,213],"MS":[36,54,159,196,220],"by":[37],"analyzing":[38],"clinical":[39,119],"data":[40,70,133,223],"integrated":[41,222],"patient-reported":[43],"outcomes":[44,120],"(PROMs).":[45],"We":[46],"conducted":[47],"prospective":[49],"cohort":[50],"involving":[52],"250":[53],"patients":[55,94],"at":[56],"secondary":[58],"care":[59],"hospital":[60],"Spain":[62],"over":[63],"an":[64],"18-month":[65],"period.":[66],"Using":[67],"REDCap":[68],"for":[69,148,191],"management,":[71],"we":[72,108],"collected":[73],"comprehensive":[74],"demographic,":[75],"clinical,":[76],"PROMs":[78],"data.":[79],"Our":[80,152],"analysis":[81],"utilized":[82],"Decision":[83],"Trees,":[84],"Random":[85],"Forest,":[86],"Support":[88],"Vector":[89],"Machine":[90],"algorithms":[91],"classify":[93],"based":[95],"on":[96,118],"evolution":[98],"infer":[100],"Expanded":[101],"Disability":[102],"Status":[103],"Scale":[104],"(EDSS)":[105],"levels.":[106],"Additionally,":[107],"employed":[109],"propensity":[110],"score":[111],"matching":[112],"analyze":[114],"gender":[115,179],"differences,":[116],"focusing":[117],"quality":[122],"life":[124],"measures.":[125],"The":[126],"results":[127],"could":[128],"indicate":[129],"integrating":[131],"diverse":[132],"sets":[134],"through":[135,221],"ML":[136,169,212],"would":[137],"significantly":[138],"improve":[139],"diagnostic":[141],"accuracy":[142,156],"serve":[144],"as":[145],"support":[147],"clinician's":[149],"decision":[150],"making.":[151],"models":[153],"achieved":[154],"high":[155],"classifying":[158],"types":[160],"predicting":[162],"disability":[163],"levels,":[164],"demonstrating":[165],"potential":[167,210],"personalized":[171,203],"treatment":[172],"planning.":[173],"Furthermore,":[174],"our":[175],"findings":[176],"suggest":[177],"notable":[178],"response":[185],"These":[188],"insights":[189],"advocate":[190],"gender-specific":[193],"approach":[194],"highlight":[199],"importance":[201],"medicine.":[204],"underscores":[207],"transformative":[209],"enhancing":[214],"analysis.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}