{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308179001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220965","title":"The Causal Plausibility Decision in Healthcare","display_name":"The Causal Plausibility Decision in Healthcare","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308179001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220965","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36325848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220965","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220965","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068172233","display_name":"Vije Kumar Rajput","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-897X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vije Kumar Rajput","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","Stonydelph Medical Centre, Tamworth, UK","London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.; Stonydelph Medical Centre, Tamworth, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stonydelph Medical Centre, Tamworth, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.; Stonydelph Medical Centre, Tamworth, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089778570","display_name":"Mette Kjer Kaltoft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7056-8297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mette Kjer Kaltoft","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056190743","display_name":"Jack Dowie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["DK","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Dowie","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","University of Southern Denmark","London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.; University of Southern Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.; University of Southern Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2813,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58054711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"299","issue":null,"first_page":"75","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causation","display_name":"Causation","score":0.8162907361984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.7905954122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.6074721813201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5765212774276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.5333777666091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.526614785194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.47580060362815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.47170329093933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","score":0.439213365316391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42123326659202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.27143174409866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.24670931696891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.16886791586875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13262858986854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11400312185287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08534941077232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.0849236249923706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.8162907361984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7905954122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.6074721813201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5765212774276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5333777666091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.526614785194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.47580060362815857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47170329093933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.439213365316391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42123326659202576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27143174409866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.24670931696891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.16886791586875916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13262858986854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11400312185287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08534941077232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0849236249923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015984","descriptor_name":"Causality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015984","descriptor_name":"Causality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015984","descriptor_name":"Causality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220965","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:36325848","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36325848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire_cris_publications/d6b9740e-0f06-4ed7-89bf-6a6c7e59997c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/d6b9740e-0f06-4ed7-89bf-6a6c7e59997c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220965","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308179001.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308179001.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1662711610","https://openalex.org/W2012218966","https://openalex.org/W2090143444","https://openalex.org/W2098627973","https://openalex.org/W2139644709","https://openalex.org/W2613359832","https://openalex.org/W2908201961","https://openalex.org/W2927351257","https://openalex.org/W2953701408","https://openalex.org/W2964303497","https://openalex.org/W2980311173","https://openalex.org/W2990758103","https://openalex.org/W3000965188","https://openalex.org/W3046761449","https://openalex.org/W3094055917","https://openalex.org/W3109060525","https://openalex.org/W3111864206","https://openalex.org/W3215367316","https://openalex.org/W4210285740","https://openalex.org/W4232621473","https://openalex.org/W4281483128","https://openalex.org/W4286252626","https://openalex.org/W6804731459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372620761","https://openalex.org/W180255526","https://openalex.org/W2915678288","https://openalex.org/W133423432","https://openalex.org/W1937721613","https://openalex.org/W2614320617","https://openalex.org/W2497053598","https://openalex.org/W2476545830","https://openalex.org/W2259975108","https://openalex.org/W3160191623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80],"explosion":[1],"of":[2,15,32,39,72,84,124,129,156],"interest":[3],"in":[4,9,27,55],"exploiting":[5],"machine":[6],"learning":[7],"techniques":[8],"healthcare":[10],"has":[11],"brought":[12],"the":[13,29,33,37,61,109,115,120,125,144,151,161],"issue":[14,123,153],"inferring":[16],"causation":[17],"from":[18],"observational":[19],"data":[20],"to":[21,50,65,76,101,135,149,159],"centre":[22],"stage.":[23],"In":[24],"our":[25],"work":[26],"supporting":[28],"health":[30],"decisions":[31,45,96,164],"individual":[34,145],"person/patient-as-person":[35],"at":[36],"point":[38],"care,":[40],"we":[41],"cannot":[42],"avoid":[43],"making":[44],"about":[46],"which":[47],"options":[48,142],"are":[49,98],"be":[51],"included":[52],"or":[53,78],"excluded":[54],"a":[56],"decision":[57],"support":[58],"tool.":[59],"Should":[60],"researcher's":[62],"routine":[63],"injunction":[64],"use":[66],"their":[67],"findings":[68],"'with":[69],"caution',":[70],"because":[71],"methodological":[73],"limitations,":[74],"lead":[75],"inclusion":[77],"exclusion?":[79],"task":[81],"is":[82,158],"one":[83],"deciding,":[85],"first":[86],"on":[87,92,114,119,165],"causal":[88,166],"plausibility,":[89],"and":[90,118,168],"then":[91],"causality.":[93,169],"Like":[94],"all":[95],"these":[97],"both":[99],"sensitive":[100,163],"error":[102],"preferences":[103],"(trade-offs).":[104],"We":[105],"engage":[106],"selectively":[107],"with":[108],"Artificial":[110],"Intelligence":[111],"(AI)":[112],"literature":[113],"causality":[116],"challenge":[117],"closely":[121],"associated":[122],"'explainability'":[126],"now":[127],"demanded":[128],"'black":[130],"box'":[131],"AI.":[132],"Our":[133],"commitment":[134],"embracing":[136],"'lifestyle'":[137],"as":[138,140,154],"well":[139],"'medical'":[141],"for":[143],"person,":[146],"leads":[147],"us":[148],"highlight":[150],"key":[152],"that":[155],"who":[157],"make":[160],"preference-":[162],"plausibility":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}