{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283725646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220664","title":"Data Cleaning Process for mHealth Log Data to Inform Health Worker Performance","display_name":"Data Cleaning Process for mHealth Log Data to Inform Health Worker Performance","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283725646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220664","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35773810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220664","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220664","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027462838","display_name":"Simon Savai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-0904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147168166","display_name":"Moi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p6eac84","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon Muhindi Savai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103042438","display_name":"Md Kamrul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5800-0172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Kamrul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018340392","display_name":"Jemima Kamano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-8202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147168166","display_name":"Moi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p6eac84","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jemimah Kamano","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020586958","display_name":"Lawrence Misoi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147168166","display_name":"Moi University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p6eac84","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Misoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053446524","display_name":"Peter Wakholi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-7995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Wakholi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Informatics Technology, Makerere University, Kampala"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Informatics Technology, Makerere University, Kampala","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074390092","display_name":"Martin C. Were","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-011X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin C. Were","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027462838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147168166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84108591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"295","issue":null,"first_page":"75","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9319999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhealth","display_name":"mHealth","score":0.7946490049362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5760399103164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.5738479495048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imputation","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","score":0.47825634479522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4748052656650543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4533859193325043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43781036138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-data","display_name":"Missing data","score":0.40558552742004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.23878705501556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07654052972793579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.7946490049362183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5760399103164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.5738479495048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58041806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1660484","display_name":"Imputation (statistics)","level":3,"score":0.47825634479522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4748052656650543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4533859193325043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43781036138534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.40558552742004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.23878705501556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07654052972793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004650","descriptor_name":"Employee Performance Appraisal","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017216","descriptor_name":"Telemedicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220664","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:35773810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35773810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220664","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220664","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220664","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3132950621","display_name":"THE PISBIC KENYA PROJECT AIMS TO SUSTAINABLY ADVANCE  THE INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS (IBMI) AT MOI UNIVERSITY  TO BECOME A REGIONAL LEADER IN HEALTH INFORMATICS  (HI). CORE PARTNERS FOR PISBIC KENYA HAVE BEEN DELIBERATELY  SELECTED BASED ON SEVERAL FACTORS AS OUTLINED IN TABLE  1. PARTNERS INCLUDE TWO KENYAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS  (HEIS) (MOI & AGA KHAN UNIVERSITIES), TWO US-BASED HEIS (VUMC & PURDUE), A PUBLIC  SECTOR PARTNER (KENYA MINISTRY OF HEALTH [MOH]), AND A PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNER (VERVE KO).","funder_award_id":"7200AA18CA00019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","funder_display_name":"United States Agency for International Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283725646.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283725646.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971935224","https://openalex.org/W2752570039","https://openalex.org/W2897027864","https://openalex.org/W2991399037","https://openalex.org/W4200541525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541565311","https://openalex.org/W3049453136","https://openalex.org/W2784019465","https://openalex.org/W569810835","https://openalex.org/W2900766238","https://openalex.org/W1973721774","https://openalex.org/W2751555317","https://openalex.org/W2777581963","https://openalex.org/W4362472286","https://openalex.org/W2611466779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Log":[0],"data,":[1,49],"captured":[2],"during":[3],"use":[4],"of":[5,21,88,135,152,162],"mobile":[6],"health":[7,11,36,153,177],"(mHealth)":[8],"applications":[9],"by":[10],"providers,":[12],"can":[13,30],"play":[14],"an":[15],"important":[16],"role":[17],"in":[18,34,145],"informing":[19],"nature":[20],"user":[22],"engagement":[23],"with":[24],"the":[25,89,98,126,136,146,160],"application.":[26],"The":[27,105],"log":[28,90,95,132,170],"data":[29,71,96,107,111,116,127,166,171],"also":[31],"be":[32,61,143],"employed":[33,106],"understanding":[35],"provider":[37,154,178],"work":[38,155,158,179],"patterns":[39,180],"and":[40,54,86,181],"performance.":[41,182],"However,":[42],"given":[43],"that":[44,119],"these":[45],"logs":[46,76,118,140],"are":[47,59,103],"raw":[48],"they":[50],"require":[51],"robust":[52],"cleaning":[53,72,108,128,167],"curation":[55],"if":[56],"accurate":[57],"conclusions":[58],"to":[60,172],"derived":[62],"from":[63,97],"analyzing":[64],"them.":[65],"This":[66,157],"paper":[67],"describes":[68],"a":[69,164],"systematic":[70,165],"process":[73,109],"for":[74,150,169],"mHealth-derived":[75],"based":[77],"on":[78,176],"Broeck's":[79],"framework,":[80],"which":[81],"involves":[82],"iterative":[83],"screening,":[84],"diagnosis,":[85],"treatment":[87],"data.":[91],"For":[92],"this":[93],"study,":[94],"demonstrative":[99],"mUzima":[100],"mHealth":[101],"application":[102],"used.":[104],"uncovered":[110],"inconsistencies,":[112],"duplicate":[113],"logs,":[114],"missing":[115],"within":[117],"required":[120],"imputation,":[121],"among":[122],"other":[123],"issues.":[124],"After":[125],"process,":[129],"only":[130],"39,229":[131],"records":[133],"out":[134],"initial":[137],"91,432":[138],"usage":[139],"(42.9%)":[141],"could":[142],"included":[144],"final":[147],"dataset":[148],"suitable":[149],"analyses":[151],"patterns.":[156],"highlights":[159],"significance":[161],"having":[163],"approach":[168],"derive":[173],"useful":[174],"information":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
