{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281476843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220632","title":"Classification of Emotional States Using EEG Signals and Wavelet Packet Transform Features","display_name":"Classification of Emotional States Using EEG Signals and Wavelet Packet Transform Features","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281476843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220632","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35612250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220632","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047787942","display_name":"Himanshu Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-4588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058599157","display_name":"Nagarajan Ganapathy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34809795","display_name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2yqf98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34809795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagarajan Ganapathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34809795","https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021393050","display_name":"Subha D. Puthankattil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114845381","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Calicut","ror":"https://ror.org/03yyd7552","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114845381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subha D. Puthankattil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114845381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649490","display_name":"Ramakrishnan Swaminathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-9629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishnan Swaminathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8987504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"294","issue":null,"first_page":"943","last_page":"944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9501000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-packet-decomposition","display_name":"Wavelet packet decomposition","score":0.6899369359016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6469676494598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6336274743080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5825386047363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5461337566375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","score":0.5440064072608948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.5410536527633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.48529380559921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.4823274314403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.4800318777561188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.43612736463546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4204469323158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.4057471752166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33863866329193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2725009322166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12658387422561646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155777637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736187","display_name":"Wavelet packet decomposition","level":4,"score":0.6899369359016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6469676494598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6336274743080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5825386047363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5461337566375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5440064072608948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.5410536527633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.48529380559921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4823274314403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4800318777561188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.43612736463546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4204469323158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.4057471752166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33863866329193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2725009322166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12658387422561646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Major Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder, Major","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder, Major","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058067","descriptor_name":"Wavelet Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:35612250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35612250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029072726","https://openalex.org/W91913183","https://openalex.org/W2936882366","https://openalex.org/W1987182177","https://openalex.org/W2736893848","https://openalex.org/W2128698257","https://openalex.org/W1544055438","https://openalex.org/W3003450285","https://openalex.org/W2085024878","https://openalex.org/W4361008003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"an":[3],"attempt":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"made":[7],"to":[8],"classify":[9],"arousal":[10,108,126],"and":[11,51,66,93,109,130],"valence":[12,110],"states":[13,142],"of":[14,64,69,140],"emotion":[15],"using":[16,43],"time-domain":[17],"features":[18,75,99],"extracted":[19,100],"from":[20,30,101],"the":[21,31,107,122,138],"Wavelet":[22],"Packet":[23],"Transform.":[24],"For":[25],"this,":[26],"Electroencephalogram":[27],"(EEG)":[28],"signals":[29,39],"publicly":[32],"available":[33],"DEAP":[34],"database":[35],"are":[36,40,76],"considered.":[37],"EEG":[38],"first":[41],"decomposed":[42],"wavelet":[44,102],"packet":[45,103],"decomposition":[46],"into":[47,78],"\u03b8,":[48],"\u03b1,":[49],"\u03b2,":[50],"\u03b3":[52],"bands.":[53],"Then":[54],"featural,":[55],"namely":[56],"band":[57,70],"energy,":[58,65],"sub-band":[59],"energy":[60,71],"ratio,":[61],"root":[62],"mean":[63],"information":[67],"entropy":[68],"is":[72,114],"estimated.":[73],"These":[74],"fed":[77],"various":[79,144],"machine":[80],"learning":[81],"classifiers":[82],"such":[83],"as":[84],"support":[85],"vector":[86],"machines,":[87],"linear":[88],"discriminant":[89],"analysis,":[90],"K-nearest":[91],"neighbor,":[92],"random":[94],"forest.":[95],"Results":[96],"indicate":[97],"that":[98,117],"transform":[104],"can":[105,134],"predict":[106],"emotional":[111,141],"states.":[112],"It":[113],"also":[115],"seen":[116],"Support":[118],"Vector":[119],"Machines":[120],"perform":[121],"best":[123],"for":[124,137,143],"both":[125],"(f-m":[127],"=":[128],"75.68%)":[129],"valence(f-m=57.53%).":[131],"This":[132],"method":[133],"be":[135],"used":[136],"recognition":[139],"clinical":[145],"purposes":[146],"in":[147],"emotion-related":[148],"psychological":[149],"disorders":[150],"like":[151],"major":[152],"depressive":[153],"disorder.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}