{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281552048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220586","title":"Discovering Rules from a National Exam Repository: A Use Case for Data Analysis from Iranian Medical Schools Entry Exam","display_name":"Discovering Rules from a National Exam Repository: A Use Case for Data Analysis from Iranian Medical Schools Entry Exam","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281552048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220586","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35612206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220586","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220586","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070386139","display_name":"Hanieh Hashemi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110574","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Medical Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01rs0ht88","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108562","display_name":"Iran Khodro (Iran)","ror":"https://ror.org/015w62071","country_code":"IR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108562"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanieh Zehtab Hashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Informatics, Virtual University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","National Center of Medical Education Assessment, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran","Department of Health Informatics, Virtual University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; National Center of Medical Education Assessment, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics, Virtual University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center of Medical Education Assessment, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics, Virtual University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; National Center of Medical Education Assessment, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574","https://openalex.org/I4210108562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017280066","display_name":"Somayeh Abedian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-6941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197220011","display_name":"Qazvin Islamic Azad University","ror":"https://ror.org/023kjn321","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I197220011"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110574","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Medical Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01rs0ht88","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somayeh Abedian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran","Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran","Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197220011"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197220011","https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064467576","display_name":"Parvane Parvasideh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110574","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Medical Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01rs0ht88","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parvane Parvasideh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center of Medical Education Assessment, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center of Medical Education Assessment, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022572819","display_name":"Zahra Bahrevar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110574","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Medical Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01rs0ht88","country_code":"IR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Bahrevar","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center of Medical Education Assessment, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center of Medical Education Assessment, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034832210","display_name":"Sina Madani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-2584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sina Madani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health IT, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health IT, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070386139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108562","https://openalex.org/I4210110574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6069,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6265418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"294","issue":null,"first_page":"796","last_page":"800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9059000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association-rule-learning","display_name":"Association rule learning","score":0.8192256689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.7486475706100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6692278385162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5456479787826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.49871253967285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4859867990016937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apriori-algorithm","display_name":"Apriori algorithm","score":0.4762984812259674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.431579053401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.41034919023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.39303460717201233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193524817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780","display_name":"Association rule learning","level":2,"score":0.8192256689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.7486475706100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6692278385162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5456479787826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.49871253967285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4859867990016937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81440476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513511","display_name":"Apriori algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4762984812259674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.431579053401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.41034919023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39303460717201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078332","descriptor_name":"Data Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078332","descriptor_name":"Data Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000078332","descriptor_name":"Data Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007492","descriptor_name":"Iran","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007492","descriptor_name":"Iran","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007492","descriptor_name":"Iran","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012577","descriptor_name":"Schools, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057225","descriptor_name":"Data Mining","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220586","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:35612206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35612206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti220586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti220586","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI220586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281552048.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281552048.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484413656","https://openalex.org/W2016459394","https://openalex.org/W2099404336","https://openalex.org/W2100406636","https://openalex.org/W2166559705","https://openalex.org/W2794460641","https://openalex.org/W2905002596","https://openalex.org/W2950527344","https://openalex.org/W3159494757","https://openalex.org/W6628750762","https://openalex.org/W6674896853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390051172","https://openalex.org/W2367209111","https://openalex.org/W2351000793","https://openalex.org/W2366790077","https://openalex.org/W2348276166","https://openalex.org/W3034345083","https://openalex.org/W2607264580","https://openalex.org/W1483188779","https://openalex.org/W2383378197","https://openalex.org/W4389611318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"methods":[1,45],"have":[2,136,148,203],"been":[3],"studied":[4],"to":[5,18,56,79,110,179],"analyze":[6],"and":[7,10,64,90,146],"interpret":[8],"patterns":[9],"relationships":[11,36],"that":[12,34,133,169,202],"are":[13,144,156],"embedded":[14],"in":[15,22,73,77,102,138,150,159,185,196],"the":[16,40,58,74,81,112,115,127,139,151,160,167,197],"database":[17],"discover":[19,122],"new":[20,123],"knowledge":[21,124],"educational":[23,95],"systems.":[24],"Association":[25],"rule":[26],"mining":[27,33],"is":[28,54,109,194],"a":[29,69,98,180],"type":[30],"of":[31,39,71,83,85,97,106,114,163,183,199],"data":[32],"identifies":[35],"among":[37],"elements":[38],"dataset.":[41],"However,":[42],"because":[43],"these":[44],"often":[46],"generate":[47],"various":[48],"rules":[49,66,168,190,201],"including":[50],"non-significant":[51],"ones,":[52],"it":[53],"important":[55],"identify":[57,111],"most":[59],"useful":[60],"rules.":[61,86,117,129],"Therefore,":[62],"evaluating":[63],"ranking":[65,189],"has":[67],"become":[68],"topic":[70],"interest":[72],"decision-making":[75],"process":[76],"order":[78],"represent":[80],"level":[82],"usefulness":[84,113],"We":[87],"incorporated":[88],"Apriori":[89],"Eclat":[91],"algorithms":[92],"on":[93,206],"an":[94],"dataset":[96],"national":[99],"medical":[100],"exam":[101,161],"Iran.":[103],"The":[104,130,188],"aim":[105],"this":[107,186,192],"study":[108],"extracted":[116],"This":[118],"method":[119,193],"can":[120],"reliably":[121],"by":[125],"interpreting":[126],"prioritized":[128],"results":[131],"show":[132,191],"those":[134],"who":[135,147],"Scored":[137],"highest":[140],"category,":[141,153],"i.e.":[142,154],"[407,493],":[143],"accepted":[145,158],"scored":[149],"lowest":[152],"[150,236),":[155],"not":[157],"regardless":[162],"others":[164],"features.":[165],"Although,":[166],"implication":[170],"Accept=0":[171],"occurs,":[172],"find":[173],"out":[174],"with":[175],"high":[176],"confidence,":[177],"due":[178],"large":[181],"number":[182],"samples":[184],"case.":[187],"effective":[195],"identification":[198],"insignificant":[200],"no":[204],"effect":[205],"decision":[207],"making.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}