{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3110247321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti200689","title":"Latent COVID-19 Clusters in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Conditions","display_name":"Latent COVID-19 Clusters in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Conditions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3110247321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti200689","mag":"3110247321","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33227735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti200689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti200689","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI200689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI200689","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080703401","display_name":"Wanting Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-363X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanting Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080669710","display_name":"Manuel Cabrera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799503643","display_name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01esghr10","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Cabrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799503643"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086304704","display_name":"Joseph Finkelstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-7441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98704320","display_name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","ror":"https://ror.org/04a9tmd77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320796813","https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Finkelstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080703401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98704320"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.24,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89435216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"275","issue":null,"first_page":"32","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.9610999822616577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11368","display_name":"Long-Term Effects of COVID-19","score":0.9142000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.7107284665107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.6292599439620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"Comorbidity","score":0.5131350159645081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.4480854570865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4469079077243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.44656801223754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system","display_name":"Respiratory system","score":0.4157343804836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.29274892807006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2822904586791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24162882566452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.18357259035110474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.7107284665107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.6292599439620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.5131350159645081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4480854570865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4469079077243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44656801223754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.4157343804836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29274892807006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2822904586791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24162882566452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.18357259035110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057286","descriptor_name":"Electronic Health Records","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti200689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti200689","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI200689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:33227735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33227735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/shti200689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/shti200689","pdf_url":"https://ebooks.iospress.nl/pdf/doi/10.3233/SHTI200689","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179765","display_name":"Studies in health technology and informatics","issn_l":"0926-9630","issn":["0926-9630","1879-8365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110247321.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3110247321.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975762617","https://openalex.org/W2072845909","https://openalex.org/W2165037395","https://openalex.org/W2480805161","https://openalex.org/W2560210208","https://openalex.org/W2751532735","https://openalex.org/W2944450781","https://openalex.org/W3021012518","https://openalex.org/W3039477807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978188354","https://openalex.org/W3141224953","https://openalex.org/W4386799044","https://openalex.org/W2155091457","https://openalex.org/W2765738011","https://openalex.org/W4387318495","https://openalex.org/W2773208253","https://openalex.org/W2002142585","https://openalex.org/W2157868280","https://openalex.org/W4240532399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,39],"goal":[1],"of":[2,15,46,96,127],"this":[3],"paper":[4],"was":[5,88],"to":[6,92],"apply":[7],"unsupervised":[8],"machine":[9],"learning":[10],"techniques":[11],"towards":[12],"the":[13,55,112,128,131,151],"discovery":[14],"latent":[16],"COVID-19":[17,51,100],"clusters":[18,106],"in":[19,150],"patients":[20,45,98],"with":[21,99],"chronic":[22],"lower":[23],"respiratory":[24],"diseases":[25,126,142],"(CLRD).":[26],"Patients":[27],"who":[28],"underwent":[29],"testing":[30],"for":[31,58,62,122],"SARS-CoV-2":[32],"were":[33,49,108,119,146],"identified":[34],"from":[35],"electronic":[36],"medical":[37],"records.":[38],"analytical":[40],"dataset":[41],"comprised":[42],"2,328":[43],"CLRD":[44,97],"whom":[47],"1,029":[48],"tested":[50],"positive.":[52],"We":[53],"used":[54],"factor":[56],"analysis":[57,68,75,87],"mixed":[59],"data":[60,83],"method":[61],"preprocessing.":[63],"It":[64],"performed":[65],"principle":[66],"component":[67],"on":[69,76],"numeric":[70],"values":[71,78],"and":[72,117,134,143],"multiple":[73],"correspondence":[74],"categorical":[77,82],"which":[79,107],"helped":[80],"convert":[81],"into":[84],"numeric.":[85],"Cluster":[86],"an":[89],"effective":[90],"means":[91],"both":[93],"distinguish":[94],"subgroups":[95],"as":[101,103],"well":[102],"identify":[104],"patient":[105],"adversely":[109],"affected":[110],"by":[111],"infection.":[113],"Age,":[114],"comorbidity":[115],"index":[116],"race":[118],"important":[120,148],"factors":[121],"cluster":[123,153],"separations.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"circulatory":[129],"system,":[130,138,140],"nervous":[132],"system":[133],"sense":[135],"organs,":[136],"digestive":[137],"genitourinary":[139],"metabolic":[141],"immunity":[144],"disorders":[145],"also":[147],"criteria":[149],"resulting":[152],"analyses.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
