{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2197258242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/kes-150319","title":"Block LDA via QR-decomposition for face recognition with single image per person","display_name":"Block LDA via QR-decomposition for face recognition with single image per person","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2197258242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/kes-150319","mag":"2197258242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/kes-150319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/kes-150319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133764092","display_name":"International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems","issn_l":"1327-2314","issn":["1327-2314","1875-8827"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047086595","display_name":"Nitin Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-6125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8778637","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Srinagar","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfwvw54","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152752","https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103154659","display_name":"R. K. Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3122-5096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152429107","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru University","ror":"https://ror.org/0567v8t28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152429107"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.K. Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and System Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India","E-mail:","Fax: +91 1346 251095"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and System Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152429107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-mail:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fax: +91 1346 251095","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047086595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8778637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10455261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"173","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.7103658318519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6438934803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6348223686218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6172046661376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6045019626617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5789148211479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5498872995376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5207152962684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qr-decomposition","display_name":"QR decomposition","score":0.5191032886505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.47661080956459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4679590165615082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatter-matrix","display_name":"Scatter matrix","score":0.4380117654800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.43716636300086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4165910482406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4115895926952362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3130039572715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.15485456585884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.0787983238697052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.7103658318519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6438934803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6348223686218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6172046661376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6045019626617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5789148211479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5498872995376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5207152962684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188060507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653242","display_name":"QR decomposition","level":3,"score":0.5191032886505127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.47661080956459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4679590165615082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176917957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430596","display_name":"Scatter matrix","level":4,"score":0.4380117654800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.43716636300086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4165910482406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4115895926952362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3130039572715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.15485456585884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0787983238697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180877172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5401390","display_name":"Estimation of covariance matrices","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/kes-150319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/kes-150319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133764092","display_name":"International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems","issn_l":"1327-2314","issn":["1327-2314","1875-8827"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495420449","https://openalex.org/W1545641654","https://openalex.org/W1570904403","https://openalex.org/W1970748944","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2002645541","https://openalex.org/W2036030443","https://openalex.org/W2044270390","https://openalex.org/W2046914656","https://openalex.org/W2051885135","https://openalex.org/W2062019416","https://openalex.org/W2085535170","https://openalex.org/W2088900896","https://openalex.org/W2095189186","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2103116581","https://openalex.org/W2103560185","https://openalex.org/W2107369107","https://openalex.org/W2108767394","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2123180320","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2143340430","https://openalex.org/W2155190225","https://openalex.org/W2171347282","https://openalex.org/W2748268369","https://openalex.org/W2799061466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W181978178","https://openalex.org/W1995039490","https://openalex.org/W2040171177","https://openalex.org/W2072065453","https://openalex.org/W2122256703","https://openalex.org/W2182646186","https://openalex.org/W2003054897","https://openalex.org/W2116423617","https://openalex.org/W1972766437","https://openalex.org/W2379352318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Block":[0,58],"linear":[1],"discriminant":[2],"analysis":[3],"(LDA)":[4],"is":[5,19,45,78,90,117],"one":[6],"of":[7,29,31,70,86,98,136],"the":[8,22,68,87,134,137],"face":[9],"recognition":[10],"methods":[11,95,115],"suggested":[12],"when":[13,40],"only":[14],"single":[15],"image":[16],"per":[17],"person":[18],"available.":[20],"However,":[21],"transformation":[23],"in":[24,96],"block":[25],"LDA":[26,59],"involves":[27],"computation":[28,69,110],"inverse":[30],"within":[32,41,71],"class":[33,42,72],"scatter":[34,43,73],"matrix,":[35],"which":[36],"may":[37],"not":[38,66],"exist":[39],"matrix":[44],"singular.":[46],"In":[47,75],"order":[48],"to":[49],"overcome":[50],"this,":[51],"we":[52],"present":[53],"a":[54],"novel":[55],"technique":[56,64,89,107],"called":[57],"via":[60],"QR-Decomposition.":[61],"The":[62,84,105],"proposed":[63,88,106,138],"does":[65],"involve":[67],"matrix.":[74],"addition,":[76],"it":[77],"also":[79],"computationally":[80],"efficient":[81],"and":[82,102,116,131],"scalable.":[83],"performance":[85],"compared":[91],"with":[92],"several":[93,113],"other":[94,114],"terms":[97],"average":[99],"classification":[100],"accuracy":[101],"training":[103],"time.":[104],"possesses":[108],"less":[109],"complexity":[111],"than":[112],"suitable":[118],"for":[119],"real":[120],"time":[121],"applications.":[122],"Experimental":[123],"results":[124],"on":[125],"two":[126],"publicly":[127],"available":[128],"datasets":[129],"ORL":[130],"Yale":[132],"demonstrate":[133],"efficacy":[135],"technique.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}