{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210079728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211905","title":"Small object detection combining attention mechanism and a novel FPN","display_name":"Small object detection combining attention mechanism and a novel FPN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210079728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211905","mag":"3210079728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-211905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081011415","display_name":"Junying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5614-9731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043593805","display_name":"Shipeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-5085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shipeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012506279","display_name":"Liang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-8800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology","School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101683940","display_name":"Dengfeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6920-7358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengfeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015926213","display_name":"Zhang Wei-hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2593-936X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Arts, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Arts, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012506279"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71967398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"3691","last_page":"3703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.815971851348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7172802090644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6924600601196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5670716762542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5626296997070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.5621450543403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5580988526344299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5099531412124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5056028366088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backbone-network","display_name":"Backbone network","score":0.47453367710113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.46472981572151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4646420478820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4463537931442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.42971330881118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4108606278896332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07773709297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07019558548927307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.815971851348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7172802090644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6924600601196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5670716762542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5626296997070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5621450543403625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5580988526344299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5099531412124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5056028366088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88796919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Backbone network","level":2,"score":0.47453367710113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.46472981572151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4646420478820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4463537931442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.42971330881118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4108606278896332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07773709297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07019558548927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-211905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2789609993","https://openalex.org/W2795812085","https://openalex.org/W2809864622","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2893538180","https://openalex.org/W2912203113","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2989827099","https://openalex.org/W3004814282","https://openalex.org/W3011688396","https://openalex.org/W3013419941","https://openalex.org/W3034307881","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4298289240","https://openalex.org/W6637568146","https://openalex.org/W6755239329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W2894651257","https://openalex.org/W2993564273","https://openalex.org/W4286907753","https://openalex.org/W3208389169","https://openalex.org/W3134004915","https://openalex.org/W3200590620","https://openalex.org/W4200172193","https://openalex.org/W4303926741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"small":[1,43,51,118,178],"objects":[2,52,77],"occupy":[3],"less":[4],"pixels":[5],"in":[6,23,56],"the":[7,24,31,60,66,73,80,96,101,115,133,136,150,153],"image":[8],"and":[9,36,89,127,140,162],"are":[10],"difficult":[11],"to":[12,50,71,94,112],"recognize.":[13],"Small":[14],"object":[15,129,179],"detection":[16,38,53,130],"has":[17,174],"always":[18],"been":[19],"a":[20,83,104],"research":[21],"difficulty":[22],"field":[25],"of":[26,33,40,69,76,100,117,135,152,160,166,169],"computer":[27],"vision.":[28],"Aiming":[29],"at":[30],"problems":[32],"low":[34],"sensitivity":[35],"poor":[37],"performance":[39],"YOLOv3":[41,161],"for":[42,177],"objects.":[44,119],"AFYOLO,":[45],"which":[46],"is":[47,63,92,110,156],"more":[48],"sensitive":[49],"was":[54],"proposed":[55,111,137,154],"this":[57],"paper.":[58],"Firstly,":[59],"DenseNet":[61],"module":[62,139],"introduced":[64,93],"into":[65],"low-level":[67],"layers":[68],"backbone":[70],"enhance":[72],"transmission":[74],"ability":[75,99,176],"information.":[78],"At":[79],"same":[81],"time,":[82],"new":[84,105],"mechanism":[85],"combining":[86],"channel":[87],"attention":[88,91,138],"spatial":[90],"improve":[95],"feature":[97,106],"extraction":[98],"backbone.":[102],"Secondly,":[103],"pyramid":[107],"network":[108],"(FPN)":[109],"better":[113,175],"obtain":[114],"features":[116],"Finally,":[120],"ablation":[121],"studies":[122],"on":[123,144],"ImageNet":[124],"classification":[125],"task":[126,131],"MS-COCO":[128],"verify":[132],"effectiveness":[134],"FPN.":[141],"The":[142],"results":[143,170],"Wider":[145],"Face":[146],"datasets":[147],"show":[148,171],"that":[149,159,165,172],"AP":[151],"method":[155],"11.89%higher":[157],"than":[158,164],"8.59%higher":[163],"YOLOv4.":[167],"All":[168],"AFYOLO":[173],"detection.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}