{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191254976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211242","title":"An effective digit recognition model using enhanced convolutional neural network based chaotic grey wolf optimization","display_name":"An effective digit recognition model using enhanced convolutional neural network based chaotic grey wolf optimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191254976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211242","mag":"3191254976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-211242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101555793","display_name":"P. Preethi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Preethi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088997264","display_name":"R. Asokan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Asokan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034476554","display_name":"N. Thillaiarasu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83737708","display_name":"REVA University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gtcxd54","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83737708"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Thillaiarasu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Technology, REVA University, Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Technology, REVA University, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83737708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019098318","display_name":"T. Saravanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-0723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125381","display_name":"Galgotias University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ba206","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Saravanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101555793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9726247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"3727","last_page":"3737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13674","display_name":"Computer Science and Engineering","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8372043371200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6995848417282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6209179162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5963631272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.553642213344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.5527278184890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.5233035087585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.4897894859313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digit-recognition","display_name":"Digit recognition","score":0.4876028597354889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4757894277572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4678545594215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4154321253299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3727417588233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.18876945972442627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8372043371200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6995848417282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6209179162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5963631272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.553642213344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.5527278184890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5233035087585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.4897894859313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984784707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Digit recognition","level":3,"score":0.4876028597354889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4757894277572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4678545594215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4154321253299713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3727417588233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.18876945972442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-211242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-211242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607307044","https://openalex.org/W1858157364","https://openalex.org/W2002016471","https://openalex.org/W2015619344","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2467325985","https://openalex.org/W2561466673","https://openalex.org/W2565019508","https://openalex.org/W2593487812","https://openalex.org/W2781601876","https://openalex.org/W2790618693","https://openalex.org/W2922198615","https://openalex.org/W2944817668","https://openalex.org/W2954337806","https://openalex.org/W2981663794","https://openalex.org/W3203817491","https://openalex.org/W6636382570","https://openalex.org/W6639006661","https://openalex.org/W6650873172","https://openalex.org/W6765424164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W2536878212","https://openalex.org/W3005534356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classical":[0],"Handwriting":[1],"recognition":[2,23,38,70,109],"systems":[3],"depend":[4],"on":[5,26],"manual":[6],"feature":[7],"extraction":[8,97],"with":[9,59,125],"a":[10,115,175,211],"lot":[11],"of":[12,36,55,62,87,98,142,169],"previous":[13],"domain":[14],"knowledge.":[15],"It\u2019s":[16],"difficult":[17],"to":[18,120,161,173,197,216],"train":[19],"an":[20,67],"optical":[21],"character":[22],"system":[24],"based":[25],"these":[27],"requirements.":[28],"Deep":[29],"learning":[30],"approaches":[31],"are":[32,80],"at":[33,83],"the":[34,49,53,60,85,95,103,122,140,148,152,194],"centre":[35],"handwriting":[37,108],"research,":[39],"which":[40],"has":[41,118,190],"yielded":[42],"breakthrough":[43],"results":[44],"in":[45,52,69,90,214],"recent":[46],"years.":[47],"However,":[48],"rapid":[50],"growth":[51],"amount":[54],"handwritten":[56,88],"data":[57],"combined":[58],"availability":[61],"enormous":[63],"processing":[64],"power":[65],"necessitates":[66],"increase":[68],"accuracy":[71,183],"and":[72,155,184,204],"warrants":[73],"further":[74],"investigation.":[75],"Convolutional":[76],"Neural":[77],"Networks":[78],"(CNNs)":[79],"extremely":[81],"good":[82],"perceiving":[84],"structure":[86,124],"characters":[89],"ways":[91],"that":[92],"allow":[93],"for":[94,106,137],"automatic":[96],"distinct":[99],"features,":[100],"making":[101],"CNN":[102,117],"best":[104],"method":[105],"solving":[107],"problems.":[110],"In":[111],"this":[112,170],"research":[113],"work,":[114],"novel":[116],"built":[119],"modify":[121],"network":[123],"Orthogonal":[126],"Learning":[127],"Chaotic":[128],"Grey":[129],"Wolf":[130],"Optimization":[131],"(CNN-OLCGWO).":[132],"This":[133,144],"modification":[134],"is":[135,172],"adopted":[136],"evolutionarily":[138],"optimizing":[139],"number":[141],"hyper-parameters.":[143],"proposed":[145,207],"optimizer":[146],"predicts":[147],"optimal":[149],"values":[150],"from":[151],"fitness":[153],"computation":[154],"shows":[156],"better":[157,185],"efficiency":[158],"when":[159],"compared":[160],"various":[162],"other":[163],"conventional":[164],"approaches.":[165,218],"The":[166,206],"ultimate":[167],"target":[168],"work":[171],"endeavour":[174],"suitable":[176],"path":[177],"towards":[178],"digitalization":[179],"by":[180],"offering":[181],"superior":[182,212],"computation.":[186],"Here,":[187],"MATLAB":[188],"2018b":[189],"been":[191],"used":[192],"as":[193],"simulation":[195],"environment":[196],"measure":[198],"metrics":[199],"like":[200],"accuracy,":[201],"recall,":[202],"precision,":[203],"F-measure.":[205],"CNN-":[208],"OLCGWO":[209],"offers":[210],"trade-off":[213],"contrary":[215],"prevailing":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}