{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3155648374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210263","title":"An optimized automatic prediction of stage and grade in bladder cancer based on U-ResNet","display_name":"An optimized automatic prediction of stage and grade in bladder cancer based on U-ResNet","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3155648374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210263","mag":"3155648374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-210263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068726858","display_name":"Xinzi Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-9724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin-Zi Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056194775","display_name":"Shengzhou Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6948-8943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Zhou Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085100030","display_name":"Jing-Cong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Cong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023225646","display_name":"Jiahui Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-6743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Hui Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-6743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023225646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51156147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"6","first_page":"12139","last_page":"12150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10458","display_name":"Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6784886121749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.6641623973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6592967510223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6524713039398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6518194675445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-tumor","display_name":"Bladder tumor","score":0.6099228858947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-cancer","display_name":"Bladder cancer","score":0.6016310453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5802122354507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-grade","display_name":"Tumor grade","score":0.5133708715438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.5012626647949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.48297300934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-neural-network","display_name":"Residual neural network","score":0.4760420322418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.45644456148147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4144977033138275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.314836710691452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.1892533302307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16648924350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.15497002005577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.06937596201896667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6784886121749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6641623973846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6592967510223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6524713039398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6518194675445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992225637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504775","display_name":"Bladder tumor","level":4,"score":0.6099228858947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780352672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504775","display_name":"Bladder cancer","level":3,"score":0.6016310453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5802122354507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019822344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541222","display_name":"Tumor grade","level":3,"score":0.5133708715438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5012626647949219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.48297300934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2944601119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058","display_name":"Residual neural network","level":3,"score":0.4760420322418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.45644456148147583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4144977033138275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.314836710691452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.1892533302307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16648924350738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.15497002005577087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.06937596201896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-210263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498250171","https://openalex.org/W1823179750","https://openalex.org/W2039593066","https://openalex.org/W2112367967","https://openalex.org/W2115331379","https://openalex.org/W2160228139","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2307535535","https://openalex.org/W2339467138","https://openalex.org/W2347694536","https://openalex.org/W2544009395","https://openalex.org/W2582220857","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2742317286","https://openalex.org/W2747898905","https://openalex.org/W2793691907","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2887584012","https://openalex.org/W2888364971","https://openalex.org/W2889646458","https://openalex.org/W2903251178","https://openalex.org/W2911823761","https://openalex.org/W2916412824","https://openalex.org/W2928133111","https://openalex.org/W2963377935","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964227007","https://openalex.org/W2965758364","https://openalex.org/W2968622550","https://openalex.org/W3089472426","https://openalex.org/W6753182481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058243059","https://openalex.org/W2388981769","https://openalex.org/W2368769772","https://openalex.org/W2025261450","https://openalex.org/W2370952490","https://openalex.org/W2415439835","https://openalex.org/W3209660004","https://openalex.org/W2130461265","https://openalex.org/W2004856662","https://openalex.org/W2111019262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42,110,130],"grade":[1,32,82,95,115],"and":[2,13,33,51,62,83,92,96,120,136],"stage":[3,34,97],"of":[4,112,123,138],"bladder":[5,15,22,30,113],"tumors":[6],"is":[7],"an":[8,20],"essential":[9],"key":[10],"for":[11,65],"diagnosing":[12],"treating":[14],"cancer.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"proposed":[19,54,86],"automated":[21],"tumor":[23,31,47,67,90,114],"prediction":[24,116],"system":[25,43],"to":[26,79,101],"automatically":[27,35,59],"assess":[28],"the":[29,81,89,94,121,124,134],"on":[36,107],"Magnetic":[37],"Resonance":[38],"Imaging":[39],"(MRI)":[40],"images.":[41,109],"included":[44],"three":[45],"modules:":[46],"segmentation,":[48],"feature":[49],"extraction":[50],"prediction.":[52],"We":[53],"a":[55],"U-ResNet":[56],"network":[57],"that":[58],"extracts":[60],"morphological":[61],"texture":[63],"features":[64,70],"detecting":[66],"regions.":[68],"These":[69],"were":[71],"used":[72],"in":[73,104],"support":[74],"vector":[75],"machine":[76],"(SVM)":[77],"classifiers":[78],"predict":[80],"stage.":[84],"Our":[85],"method":[87],"segmented":[88],"area":[91],"predicted":[93],"more":[98],"accurately":[99],"compared":[100],"different":[102],"methods":[103],"our":[105,139],"experiments":[106,132],"MRI":[108],"accuracy":[111,122],"was":[117,127],"about":[118,128],"70%,":[119],"data":[125],"set":[126],"77.5%.":[129],"extensive":[131],"demonstrated":[133],"usefulness":[135],"effectiveness":[137],"method.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T23:48:18.283914","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}