{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121016349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202317","title":"Automatic scoring of Chinese fill-in-the-blank questions based on\u00a0improved P-means","display_name":"Automatic scoring of Chinese fill-in-the-blank questions based on\u00a0improved P-means","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121016349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202317","mag":"3121016349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-202317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391517","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9599-8023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087731","display_name":"Guizhou Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/002x6f380","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Science and Intelligent Engineering Research Institute, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China","School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Science and Intelligent Engineering Research Institute, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078656823","display_name":"Yong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7999-1083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087731","display_name":"Guizhou Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/002x6f380","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Science and Intelligent Engineering Research Institute, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China","School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Science and Intelligent Engineering Research Institute, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058323321","display_name":"Hong Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-5507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087731","display_name":"Guizhou Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/002x6f380","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101680582","display_name":"Xin Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3978-6886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087731","display_name":"Guizhou Education University","ror":"https://ror.org/002x6f380","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Big Data, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100391517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087731"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5459,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70616341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"3","first_page":"5473","last_page":"5482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blank","display_name":"Blank","score":0.8800104856491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7844473123550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7315993309020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7129733562469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.6946967840194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6059101819992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5977874398231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5836525559425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.5798686146736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5564233660697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.5328500866889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5311012864112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.5285112857818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.520940899848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.38058605790138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.365791380405426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19350168108940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18241912126541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12734189629554749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778089247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368951","display_name":"Blank","level":2,"score":0.8800104856491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7844473123550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7315993309020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7129733562469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.6946967840194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6059101819992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5977874398231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5836525559425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5798686146736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5564233660697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5328500866889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5311012864112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.5285112857818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.520940899848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.38058605790138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.365791380405426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19350168108940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18241912126541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12734189629554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-202317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-202317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069946383","https://openalex.org/W2087739686","https://openalex.org/W2125177801","https://openalex.org/W2963626623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361638505","https://openalex.org/W2370352440","https://openalex.org/W2009954581","https://openalex.org/W4296141694","https://openalex.org/W2379220204","https://openalex.org/W4249926107","https://openalex.org/W2005071119","https://openalex.org/W3158546193","https://openalex.org/W2135511601","https://openalex.org/W3204850320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chinese":[0],"fill-in-the-blank":[1,23,56,124],"questions":[2],"contain":[3],"both":[4],"objective":[5],"and":[6,9,51,74,144,148,185],"subjective":[7],"characteristics,":[8],"thus":[10],"it":[11],"has":[12,179],"always":[13],"been":[14],"difficult":[15],"to":[16,101,135],"score":[17],"them":[18],"automatically.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"items":[24,36,57,125],"are":[25,37,61],"divided":[26,62],"into":[27,63],"those":[28],"with":[29,58,95,126],"word-level":[30,59],"or":[31],"sentence-level":[32,127],"granularity;":[33],"then,":[34],"the":[35,69,75,103,141,145,150,154,161,165,176],"automatically":[38],"scored":[39],"by":[40,159],"different":[41],"strategies.":[42],"The":[43,110],"automatic":[44],"scoring":[45,104,118],"framework":[46],"combines":[47],"semantic":[48,52,113,151],"dictionary":[49,94,114],"matching":[50],"similarity":[53,152],"calculations.":[54],"First,":[55],"granularity":[60],"two":[64,155],"types":[65],"of":[66,105,140,164,183],"test":[67,72,78,88,108,121,172],"sites:":[68],"subject":[70,92,106],"term":[71,93,107],"site,":[73],"common":[76,119],"word":[77,120],"site.":[79,89],"We":[80],"propose":[81],"an":[82,86,129],"algorithm":[83,178],"for":[84,117],"identifying":[85],"item\u2019s":[87],"Then,":[90],"a":[91,137,180],"self-feedback":[96],"learning":[97],"ability":[98],"is":[99,115,133,157],"constructed":[100],"support":[102],"sites.":[109,122],"Tongyici":[111],"Cilin":[112],"used":[116,134],"For":[123],"granularity,":[128],"improved":[130],"P-means":[131],"model":[132],"generate":[136],"sentence":[138,166],"vector":[139],"standard":[142],"answer":[143],"examinee\u2019s":[146],"answer,":[147],"then":[149],"between":[153],"answers":[156],"obtained":[158],"calculating":[160],"cosine":[162],"distance":[163],"vector.":[167],"Experimental":[168],"results":[169],"on":[170],"actual":[171],"data":[173],"show":[174],"that":[175],"proposed":[177],"maximum":[181],"accuracy":[182],"94.3%":[184],"achieves":[186],"good":[187],"results.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}