{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128939492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201799","title":"Localization and classification of human facial emotions using local intensity order pattern and shape-based texture features","display_name":"Localization and classification of human facial emotions using local intensity order pattern and shape-based texture features","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128939492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201799","mag":"3128939492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-201799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091447404","display_name":"Tehmina Kalsum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1012-5064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tehmina Kalsum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074075852","display_name":"Zahid Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4888-2594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zahid Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015463755","display_name":"Farzana Kulsoom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0382-5724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzana Kulsoom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Itlay"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Itlay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066122645","display_name":"Hassan Nazeer Chaudhry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2307-0920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Nazeer Chaudhry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Information, and Bio Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Itlay"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Information, and Bio Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Itlay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062125413","display_name":"Amjad Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Rehman Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab, CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab, CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077892555","display_name":"Muhammad Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199693650","display_name":"Umm al-Qura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xjqrm90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199693650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018549351","display_name":"Tanzila Saba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanzila Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab, CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence & Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab, CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074075852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8139929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"5","first_page":"9311","last_page":"9331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8325420022010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7543420791625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.668731153011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6522872447967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5900363922119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.5841192007064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5459411144256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5245904326438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5195701122283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4429541528224945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.43372824788093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3383849561214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23308098316192627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8325420022010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7543420791625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.668731153011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6522872447967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5900363922119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.5841192007064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5459411144256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5245904326438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5195701122283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.446399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4429541528224945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.43372824788093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3383849561214447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23308098316192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-201799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524920060","https://openalex.org/W1579572292","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1959806570","https://openalex.org/W1981918162","https://openalex.org/W2003238582","https://openalex.org/W2014185685","https://openalex.org/W2035238796","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2046502752","https://openalex.org/W2058156885","https://openalex.org/W2074388987","https://openalex.org/W2083021723","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2129945371","https://openalex.org/W2134860945","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163096995","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2165857685","https://openalex.org/W2177274842","https://openalex.org/W2181824145","https://openalex.org/W2189276462","https://openalex.org/W2217426128","https://openalex.org/W2259092398","https://openalex.org/W2303083265","https://openalex.org/W2411870086","https://openalex.org/W2479639417","https://openalex.org/W2537786327","https://openalex.org/W2553682957","https://openalex.org/W2556844902","https://openalex.org/W2620581932","https://openalex.org/W2724944050","https://openalex.org/W2730840610","https://openalex.org/W2738672149","https://openalex.org/W2750692136","https://openalex.org/W2755232679","https://openalex.org/W2782582470","https://openalex.org/W2789276341","https://openalex.org/W2790024604","https://openalex.org/W2791956126","https://openalex.org/W2898667326","https://openalex.org/W2907557934","https://openalex.org/W2908671501","https://openalex.org/W2935322788","https://openalex.org/W2948464768","https://openalex.org/W2949833607","https://openalex.org/W2952656508","https://openalex.org/W3021995521","https://openalex.org/W4394433739","https://openalex.org/W4394448252","https://openalex.org/W6685928939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071599417","https://openalex.org/W2048716406","https://openalex.org/W1870444468","https://openalex.org/W2979608518","https://openalex.org/W1964725559","https://openalex.org/W3003960249","https://openalex.org/W2045053268","https://openalex.org/W3109748140","https://openalex.org/W2767833206","https://openalex.org/W2433492094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"emotion":[1],"recognition":[2,193],"system":[3],"(FERS)":[4],"recognize":[5,148],"the":[6,21,39,69,83,93,101,112,118,143,149,153,165,172],"person\u2019s":[7],"emotions":[8,150],"based":[9,116,170],"on":[10,117,171,182],"various":[11],"image":[12,130,137],"processing":[13,23],"stages":[14],"including":[15,175,185],"feature":[16,40,49],"extraction":[17,70],"as":[18,139,179,181],"one":[19],"of":[20,43,62,71,95,120,164,195],"major":[22],"steps.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"study,":[27],"we":[28],"presented":[29],"a":[30,44,47,55,89],"hybrid":[31],"approach":[32],"for":[33,68,204],"recognizing":[34],"facial":[35,73,105],"expressions":[36],"by":[37,54],"performing":[38],"level":[41],"fusion":[42],"local":[45,76,84],"and":[46,75,124,136,159,188,210],"global":[48,72],"descriptor":[50],"that":[51],"is":[52,66,88,125,168],"classified":[53],"support":[56],"vector":[57],"machine":[58],"(SVM)":[59],"classifier.":[60],"Histogram":[61],"oriented":[63],"gradients":[64],"(HoG)":[65],"selected":[67],"features":[74],"intensity":[77,122],"order":[78,123],"pattern":[79],"(LIOP)":[80],"to":[81,108,127,147],"extract":[82,100],"features.":[85],"As":[86],"HoG":[87],"shape-based":[90],"descriptor,":[91],"with":[92],"help":[94],"edge":[96],"information,":[97],"it":[98],"can":[99],"deformations":[102],"caused":[103],"in":[104,129,152,156],"muscles":[106],"due":[107],"changing":[109],"emotions.":[110],"On":[111],"contrary,":[113],"LIOP":[114],"works":[115],"information":[119],"pixels":[121],"invariant":[126],"change":[128],"viewpoint,":[131],"illumination":[132],"conditions,":[133],"JPEG":[134],"compression,":[135],"blurring":[138],"well.":[140],"Thus":[141],"both":[142,157],"descriptors":[144],"proved":[145],"useful":[146],"effectively":[151],"images":[154],"captured":[155],"constrained":[158],"realistic":[160,183],"scenarios.":[161],"The":[162,191],"performance":[163],"proposed":[166],"model":[167],"evaluated":[169],"lab-constrained":[173],"datasets":[174,184,212],"CK+,":[176,205],"TFEID,":[177,207],"JAFFE":[178],"well":[180],"SFEW,":[186],"RaF,":[187,208],"FER-2013":[189,209],"dataset.":[190],"optimal":[192],"accuracy":[194],"99.8%,":[196],"98.2%,":[197],"93.5%,":[198],"78.1%,":[199],"63.0%,":[200],"56.0%":[201],"achieved":[202],"respectively":[203],"JAFFE,":[206],"SFEW":[211],"respectively.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}