{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186701571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200943","title":"A fuzzy-weighted approach for malicious web domain identification","display_name":"A fuzzy-weighted approach for malicious web domain identification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186701571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200943","mag":"3186701571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-200943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006980323","display_name":"Zuli Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-8576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuli Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Advanced Cryptography and System Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Advanced Cryptography and System Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027845071","display_name":"Raymond Chiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-1903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Chiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025410544","display_name":"Zongwen Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7818-5637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongwen Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027845071"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79293843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"2551","last_page":"2559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8280075192451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6494626998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6101492643356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5991961359977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.586615800857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5749015212059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5405657887458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5116241574287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.4706372916698456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.45731139183044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-traffic","display_name":"Web traffic","score":0.42299383878707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4196985960006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.41787847876548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3521517515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1440892219543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08091887831687927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8280075192451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6494626998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6101492643356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5991961359977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.586615800857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5749015212059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5405657887458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5116241574287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.4706372916698456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.45731139183044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777672014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172573","display_name":"Web traffic","level":3,"score":0.42299383878707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4196985960006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.41787847876548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3521517515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1440892219543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08091887831687927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-200943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rune.une.edu.au:1959.11/61380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/61380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055448","display_name":"RUNE (Research UNE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:uon:48887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1472664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196471","display_name":"NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","host_organization_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1990653740","https://openalex.org/W2029470356","https://openalex.org/W2048700239","https://openalex.org/W2063907334","https://openalex.org/W2070493638","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2310347995","https://openalex.org/W2323969083","https://openalex.org/W2413839060","https://openalex.org/W2420085356","https://openalex.org/W2562319768","https://openalex.org/W2608619210","https://openalex.org/W2737880311","https://openalex.org/W2760791709","https://openalex.org/W2808779485","https://openalex.org/W2883457276","https://openalex.org/W2887227820","https://openalex.org/W2897993092","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2917600487","https://openalex.org/W2921734430","https://openalex.org/W2924868743","https://openalex.org/W2943834037","https://openalex.org/W2948344613","https://openalex.org/W2964161291","https://openalex.org/W2977362130","https://openalex.org/W3000269310","https://openalex.org/W3019040395","https://openalex.org/W3099257500","https://openalex.org/W3099641658","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W3108921923","https://openalex.org/W6636308168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794896638","https://openalex.org/W1807784185","https://openalex.org/W4390905871","https://openalex.org/W3202800081","https://openalex.org/W1909207154","https://openalex.org/W3124390867","https://openalex.org/W3101614107","https://openalex.org/W3204228978","https://openalex.org/W1514365828","https://openalex.org/W4390971112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malicious":[0],"web":[1,41,59,171],"domains":[2],"represent":[3],"a":[4,48,66],"serious":[5],"threat":[6],"to":[7,38,71,91,106,132,153],"online":[8],"users\u2019":[9],"privacy":[10],"and":[11,20,98,119,140,146,177],"security,":[12],"causing":[13],"monetary":[14],"loss,":[15],"theft":[16],"of":[17,95,136],"private":[18],"information,":[19],"malware":[21],"attacks,":[22],"among":[23],"others.":[24],"In":[25,43,62],"recent":[26],"years,":[27],"machine":[28,116],"learning":[29,117],"methods":[30],"have":[31,82],"been":[32],"widely":[33,121],"used":[34,114,122,152],"as":[35],"prediction":[36,156],"models":[37,124,179],"identify":[39],"malicious":[40,58,170],"domains.":[42],"this":[44],"study,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"Fuzzy-Weighted":[49],"Least":[50],"Squares":[51],"Support":[52],"Vector":[53],"Machine":[54],"(FW-LS-SVM)":[55],"model":[56],"for":[57],"domain":[60],"identification.":[61],"our":[63,128,137,162],"proposed":[64,138,163],"model,":[65],"fuzzy-weighted":[67,86],"operation":[68,87],"is":[69,88,165],"applied":[70],"each":[72],"data":[73,97],"sample":[74],"considering":[75],"the":[76,93,100,134,155,174],"fact":[77],"that":[78,161],"different":[79,83],"samples":[80],"may":[81],"importance.":[84],"This":[85],"also":[89],"able":[90],"alleviate":[92],"influence":[94],"noise":[96],"improve":[99],"model\u2019s":[101],"robustness":[102],"by":[103],"assigning":[104],"weights":[105],"error":[107],"constraints.":[108],"For":[109],"comparison":[110],"purposes,":[111],"three":[112,120],"commonly":[113],"single":[115,176],"classifiers":[118],"ensemble":[123,142,178],"are":[125,151],"included":[126],"in":[127,130,168],"experiments,":[129],"order":[131],"assess":[133],"performance":[135],"FW-LS-SVM":[139],"its":[141],"version.":[143],"Hyperlink":[144],"indicators":[145],"uniform":[147],"resource":[148],"locator-based":[149],"features":[150],"train":[154],"models.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"show":[160],"approach":[164],"highly":[166],"effective":[167],"identifying":[169],"domains,":[172],"outperforming":[173],"well-established":[175],"being":[180],"compared.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}