{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922554309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-179013","title":"Providing order to the handwritten TLS task: A complexity index","display_name":"Providing order to the handwritten TLS task: A complexity index","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922554309","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-179013","mag":"2922554309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-179013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-179013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024286418","display_name":"Miguel \u00c1ngel Garc\u00eda-Calder\u00f3n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179647637","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/0079gpv38","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179647637"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miguel \u00c1ngel Garc\u00eda-Calder\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Instituto Literario #100, Col. Centro, Toluca, State of Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Instituto Literario #100, Col. Centro, Toluca, State of Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179647637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047254436","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 Arnulfo Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7941-377X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179647637","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/0079gpv38","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179647637"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 Arnulfo Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Instituto Literario #100, Col. Centro, Toluca, State of Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Instituto Literario #100, Col. Centro, Toluca, State of Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179647637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090292269","display_name":"Yulia Ledeneva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-542X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179647637","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/0079gpv38","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179647637"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulia Ledeneva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Instituto Literario #100, Col. Centro, Toluca, State of Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Instituto Literario #100, Col. Centro, Toluca, State of Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179647637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024286418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179647637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01705934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"4621","last_page":"4631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8687441349029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bengali","display_name":"Bengali","score":0.6786025762557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6103752255439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5712084174156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transliteration","display_name":"Transliteration","score":0.5411540269851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.513925313949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4954468011856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.47929874062538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.46289554238319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.44701117277145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.42407655715942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3370686173439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1278763711452484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.09820330142974854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8687441349029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.6786025762557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6103752255439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5712084174156189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520968082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134550","display_name":"Transliteration","level":2,"score":0.5411540269851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.513925313949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4954468011856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.47929874062538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.46289554238319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.44701117277145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.42407655715942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3370686173439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1278763711452484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.09820330142974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-179013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-179013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66228476","https://openalex.org/W565449262","https://openalex.org/W817121634","https://openalex.org/W1968568012","https://openalex.org/W1970809167","https://openalex.org/W1978002970","https://openalex.org/W1982907973","https://openalex.org/W1986431625","https://openalex.org/W2012442176","https://openalex.org/W2033801164","https://openalex.org/W2061778266","https://openalex.org/W2072393922","https://openalex.org/W2083659365","https://openalex.org/W2090914336","https://openalex.org/W2092893299","https://openalex.org/W2110224595","https://openalex.org/W2133308113","https://openalex.org/W2148645152","https://openalex.org/W2149266633","https://openalex.org/W2160847757","https://openalex.org/W2206945255","https://openalex.org/W2271638073","https://openalex.org/W2577666382","https://openalex.org/W2578471911","https://openalex.org/W2586822074","https://openalex.org/W2604383305","https://openalex.org/W2762155040","https://openalex.org/W2786219411","https://openalex.org/W2786940623","https://openalex.org/W2791166555","https://openalex.org/W2792215102","https://openalex.org/W2803293369","https://openalex.org/W2811469211","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W3098821875","https://openalex.org/W4229921563","https://openalex.org/W4247291959","https://openalex.org/W6748422114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084490135","https://openalex.org/W2895890526","https://openalex.org/W4298170800","https://openalex.org/W2794758919","https://openalex.org/W617692174","https://openalex.org/W4232781930","https://openalex.org/W1913642778","https://openalex.org/W4300860228","https://openalex.org/W2095452022","https://openalex.org/W825857799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Text":[0],"Line":[1],"Segmentation":[2],"(TLS)":[3],"methods":[4,51,83,140],"are":[5],"intended":[6],"to":[7,67,136,157],"locate":[8],"and":[9,32,55,70,141,176,208,214,221,229],"separate":[10],"text":[11,28,30],"lines":[12],"in":[13,38,173],"document":[14,76,112,165],"images":[15],"for":[16,52,113,163],"different":[17,212],"stages":[18,34],"of":[19,35,41,48,58,64,74,81,89,110,120,166,201,206],"image":[20],"analysis":[21],"such":[22,216],"as":[23,217],"word":[24],"spotting,":[25],"keyword":[26],"search,":[27],"alignment,":[29],"recognition":[31],"other":[33],"indexation":[36],"involved":[37],"the":[39,49,53,56,68,71,79,108,114,118,138,142,159,170,178,191],"retrieval":[40],"information":[42],"from":[43,211],"handwritten":[44,144],"documents.":[45,145],"The":[46,198],"design":[47],"proposed":[50,131,151],"TLS":[54,101,115,139,188,196,204],"tuning":[57],"their":[59],"parameters":[60],"assume":[61],"a":[62,75,100,111,121,167,185],"level":[63],"complexity":[65,109,152],"according":[66],"language":[69],"writing":[72],"style":[73],"collection.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"performance":[80],"these":[82],"is":[84,155],"not":[85],"maintained":[86],"against":[87],"documents":[88],"greater":[90],"or":[91],"lesser":[92],"complexity.":[93],"In":[94,146,180],"this":[95,147],"paper,":[96],"we":[97,127,182],"present":[98],"TLS-ICI,":[99],"Intrinsic":[102],"Complexity":[103],"Index":[104],"that":[105,190],"allows":[106],"measuring":[107],"task,":[116],"without":[117],"necessity":[119],"human":[122],"gold":[123],"standard.":[124],"Through":[125],"experimentation,":[126],"demonstrate":[128,183],"how":[129],"our":[130,150],"TLS-ICI":[132,192],"provides":[133],"an":[134],"order":[135],"both":[137],"image-based":[143],"way,":[148],"with":[149],"index":[153],"it":[154],"possible":[156],"select":[158],"most":[160],"appropriated":[161],"method":[162,189],"each":[164],"collection,":[168],"reducing":[169],"time":[171],"spent":[172],"exhaustive":[174],"tests":[175],"increasing":[177],"performance.":[179],"addition,":[181],"through":[184],"new":[186],"hybrid":[187],"outperforms":[193],"previous":[194],"individual":[195],"methods.":[197],"dataset":[199],"consists":[200],"several":[202],"standard":[203],"collections":[205],"contemporary":[207],"ancient":[209],"texts":[210],"languages":[213],"alphabets":[215],"English,":[218],"Spanish,":[219],"Arabic,":[220],"Chinese,":[222],"Greek,":[223],"Khmer,":[224],"Persian,":[225],"Bengali,":[226],"Oriya,":[227],"Kannada":[228],"Nahuatl.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
