{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765548983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-17656","title":"A novel image encryption based on Lorenz equation, Gingerbreadman chaotic map and <i>S</i> <sub>8</sub> permutation","display_name":"A novel image encryption based on Lorenz equation, Gingerbreadman chaotic map and <i>S</i> <sub>8</sub> permutation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765548983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-17656","mag":"2765548983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-17656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-17656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041415251","display_name":"Fadia Ali Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadia Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104358636","display_name":"Jameel Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jameel Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018703130","display_name":"Jan Sher Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2580-5641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59738393","display_name":"Gaziantep University","ror":"https://ror.org/020vvc407","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Sher Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59738393"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754273","display_name":"Jawad Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jawad Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029347215","display_name":"Muazzam A. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6140-1201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110357561","display_name":"University of the Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/048gmay44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110357561"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muazzam A. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, SEECS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, SEECS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110357561","https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100754273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93975812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"6","first_page":"3753","last_page":"3765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.7075068950653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6965951919555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6385786533355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-space","display_name":"Key space","score":0.6180568933486938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorenz-system","display_name":"Lorenz system","score":0.543742835521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5401074290275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.5215908885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5156570672988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4590756595134735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44354063272476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4312702417373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35292842984199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15469858050346375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.7075068950653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6965951919555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6385786533355713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105322999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1557574","display_name":"Key space","level":3,"score":0.6180568933486938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151510863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899844","display_name":"Lorenz system","level":3,"score":0.543742835521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5401074290275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.5215908885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5156570672988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4590756595134735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44354063272476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4312702417373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35292842984199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15469858050346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jifs-17656","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-17656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179157397","display_name":"Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems","issn_l":"1064-1246","issn":["1064-1246","1875-8967"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Intelligent &amp; Fuzzy Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:2133517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2133517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W960484378","https://openalex.org/W1966443185","https://openalex.org/W1966845475","https://openalex.org/W1968452858","https://openalex.org/W1968529674","https://openalex.org/W1973782209","https://openalex.org/W1975996547","https://openalex.org/W1978383253","https://openalex.org/W1978868455","https://openalex.org/W1979142829","https://openalex.org/W1993294505","https://openalex.org/W2009117939","https://openalex.org/W2009955536","https://openalex.org/W2010065947","https://openalex.org/W2010620862","https://openalex.org/W2010668061","https://openalex.org/W2016201254","https://openalex.org/W2029024691","https://openalex.org/W2033446702","https://openalex.org/W2036751957","https://openalex.org/W2037769729","https://openalex.org/W2052723018","https://openalex.org/W2056105196","https://openalex.org/W2058358215","https://openalex.org/W2062086221","https://openalex.org/W2068684969","https://openalex.org/W2071379504","https://openalex.org/W2077232550","https://openalex.org/W2079174845","https://openalex.org/W2080294346","https://openalex.org/W2080500421","https://openalex.org/W2083903192","https://openalex.org/W2094449439","https://openalex.org/W2099334438","https://openalex.org/W2105145864","https://openalex.org/W2128435529","https://openalex.org/W2284104324","https://openalex.org/W2285315122","https://openalex.org/W2295382309","https://openalex.org/W2305744082","https://openalex.org/W2411122105","https://openalex.org/W2492879327","https://openalex.org/W2539545789","https://openalex.org/W2607845680","https://openalex.org/W2620643845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061751687","https://openalex.org/W2349050058","https://openalex.org/W2375489546","https://openalex.org/W1868030464","https://openalex.org/W2086185494","https://openalex.org/W2360834410","https://openalex.org/W2393567801","https://openalex.org/W2379538499","https://openalex.org/W4367360442","https://openalex.org/W2118475600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"is":[1,92,112,130,150,163],"used":[2,113],"as":[3],"the":[4,10,83,119,142,154,181],"main":[5],"source":[6],"of":[7,17,26,89,186,192],"communication":[8],"throughout":[9],"world.":[11],"However":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,23,114,152,179],"public":[15],"nature":[16],"internet":[18],"data":[19,41],"are":[20,34,69,108,204],"always":[21],"exposed":[22],"different":[24],"types":[25],"attacks.":[27],"To":[28,81],"address":[29],"this":[30,37,95],"issue":[31,85],"many":[32,56],"researchers":[33],"working":[35],"in":[36,72,94,105],"area":[38],"and":[39,63,102,136,174,183,197],"proposing":[40],"encryption":[42,54],"techniques.":[43],"Recently":[44],"a":[45,127],"new":[46],"substitution":[47],"box":[48],"has":[49],"been":[50],"proposed":[51,93,160,187],"for":[52],"image":[53,122],"using":[55],"interesting":[57],"properties":[58],"like":[59],"gingerbread-man":[60,145],"chaotic":[61,98,134,146],"map":[62,99,111,135,147],"S":[64],"8":[65],"permutation.":[66],"But":[67],"there":[68],"certain":[70],"weaknesses":[71],"aforesaid":[73],"technique":[74,91,107],"which":[75],"does":[76],"not":[77],"provide":[78],"sufficient":[79],"security.":[80],"resolve":[82],"security":[84,185],"an":[86],"enhanced":[87,161],"version":[88],"existing":[90,106,144],"paper.":[96],"Lorenz":[97,110],"based":[100,148],"confusion":[101],"diffusion":[103,125],"processes":[104],"employed.":[109],"remove":[115],"strong":[116],"correlation":[117],"among":[118],"plain":[120],"text":[121,157],"pixels.":[123],"In":[124,177],"stage":[126],"random":[128],"matrix":[129],"generated":[131],"through":[132],"lorenz":[133],"XORed":[137],"with":[138],"shuffled":[139],"image.":[140,158],"It":[141],"end,":[143],"S-box":[149],"applied":[151],"extract":[153],"final":[155],"cipher":[156],"The":[159],"scheme":[162],"analysed":[164],"by":[165],"statistical":[166],"analysis,":[167,170],"key":[168],"space":[169],"information":[171],"entropy":[172],"analysis":[173],"differential":[175],"analysis.":[176],"order":[178],"ensure":[180],"robustness":[182],"higher":[184],"scheme,":[188],"results":[189],"via":[190],"Number":[191],"Pixel":[193],"Rate":[194],"Change":[195,200],"(NPRC)":[196],"Unified":[198],"Average":[199],"Intensity":[201],"(UACI)":[202],"tests":[203],"also":[205],"validated.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}