{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312197825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-210033","title":"THE RELATIVISTIC OBSERVER: Consequences of a Linear Expansion of Spacetime","display_name":"THE RELATIVISTIC OBSERVER: Consequences of a Linear Expansion of Spacetime","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312197825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-210033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jid-210033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-210033","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/journal-of-integrated-design-and-process-science/jid210033?id=journal-of-integrated-design-and-process-science%2Fjid210033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168637","display_name":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science","issn_l":"1092-0617","issn":["1092-0617","1875-8959"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/journal-of-integrated-design-and-process-science/jid210033?id=journal-of-integrated-design-and-process-science%2Fjid210033","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048474874","display_name":"Frank M. Skidmore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100372","display_name":"Analytical Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0113rr846","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100372"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank M. Skidmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vice President for Research and Development, Analytical AI, LLC, Birmingham, Alabama"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vice President for Research and Development, Analytical AI, LLC, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100372"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000615009","display_name":"Murat M. Tanik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-7095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murat M. Tanik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000615009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12789049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3-4","first_page":"65","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9319999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9319999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13044","display_name":"Biofield Effects and Biophysics","score":0.9258999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13811","display_name":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","score":0.9214000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacetime","display_name":"Spacetime","score":0.792948305606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.5501363277435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5205639004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.49718859791755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics","display_name":"Theoretical physics","score":0.4963303208351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.49100926518440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.44310545921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.44069936871528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eulers-formula","display_name":"Euler's formula","score":0.4117076098918915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3872944414615631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34876102209091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3088172674179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2787299156188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.19757536053657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.19157081842422485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.792948305606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5501363277435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5205639004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.49718859791755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4963303208351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.49100926518440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.44310545921325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.44069936871528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62884695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184871","display_name":"Euler's formula","level":2,"score":0.4117076098918915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3872944414615631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34876102209091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3088172674179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2787299156188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.19757536053657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.19157081842422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jid-210033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-210033","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/journal-of-integrated-design-and-process-science/jid210033?id=journal-of-integrated-design-and-process-science%2Fjid210033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168637","display_name":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science","issn_l":"1092-0617","issn":["1092-0617","1875-8959"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jid-210033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jid-210033","pdf_url":"https://content.iospress.com:443/download/journal-of-integrated-design-and-process-science/jid210033?id=journal-of-integrated-design-and-process-science%2Fjid210033","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168637","display_name":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science","issn_l":"1092-0617","issn":["1092-0617","1875-8959"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312197825.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312197825.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1611138248","https://openalex.org/W1696068948","https://openalex.org/W1963948725","https://openalex.org/W1970354106","https://openalex.org/W2005886497","https://openalex.org/W2030765885","https://openalex.org/W2048251016","https://openalex.org/W2056474482","https://openalex.org/W2062332993","https://openalex.org/W2895354109","https://openalex.org/W4243516621","https://openalex.org/W4308332261","https://openalex.org/W6636558247","https://openalex.org/W6775845909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994680671","https://openalex.org/W2002320543","https://openalex.org/W2000283393","https://openalex.org/W2150232912","https://openalex.org/W2061947244","https://openalex.org/W4321855183","https://openalex.org/W15793755","https://openalex.org/W3106170641","https://openalex.org/W2044444031","https://openalex.org/W2123024628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Communication":[0,16],"Dynamics":[1,17],"Theory,":[2,18],"defined":[3],"in":[4],"a":[5,9,30,39,54,70,74],"companion":[6],"paper,":[7,36],"offers":[8],"new":[10],"approach":[11],"to":[12,23,61],"understanding":[13],"Spacetime.":[14,120],"In":[15,34],"physical":[19],"reality":[20],"is":[21],"assumed":[22],"arise":[24],"from":[25],"an":[26],"anisotropic":[27],"expansion":[28,118],"of":[29,44,67,82,91,105,108,114,119],"one-dimensional":[31],"communication":[32],"network.":[33],"this":[35],"we":[37,72],"perform":[38],"first":[40],"approximation":[41],"mathematical":[42],"transformation":[43],"the":[45,80,94,115],"theory":[46],"into":[47],"hyperbolic":[48],"geometry.":[49],"The":[50],"resulting":[51],"model":[52],"provides":[53],"potential":[55],"basis":[56],"for":[57],"developing":[58],"insight":[59],"pertaining":[60],"previously":[62],"poorly":[63],"understood":[64],"fundamental":[65,106],"constants":[66],"physics.":[68],"As":[69],"demonstration,":[71],"define":[73],"proton,":[75],"neutron,":[76],"and":[77,85,87,98],"electron,":[78],"demonstrate":[79],"emergence":[81],"observable":[83],"space":[84],"time,":[86],"generate":[88],"heuristic":[89],"estimates":[90],"Euler\u2019s":[92],"number,":[93],"fine":[95],"structure":[96],"constant,":[97],"\u03c0,":[99],"as":[100,102,111],"well":[101],"geometric":[103],"descriptions":[104],"forces":[107],"nature,":[109],"occurring":[110],"natural":[112],"consequences":[113],"linear":[116],"dynamic":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T14:07:55.174380","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}