{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1873081628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcs-2009-0351","title":"Constraint differentiation: Search-space reduction for the constraint-based analysis of security protocols","display_name":"Constraint differentiation: Search-space reduction for the constraint-based analysis of security protocols","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1873081628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcs-2009-0351","mag":"1873081628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jcs-2009-0351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcs-2009-0351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106992369","display_name":"Journal of Computer Security","issn_l":"0926-227X","issn":["0926-227X","1875-8924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3440984","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041754592","display_name":"Sebastian M\u00f6dersheim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-8319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian M\u00f6dersheim","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: smo@zurich.ibm.com","IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: smo@zurich.ibm.com#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: smo@zurich.ibm.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: smo@zurich.ibm.com#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101515402","display_name":"Luca Vigan\u00f2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-271X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119439378","display_name":"University of Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Vigan\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. E-mail: luca.vigano@univr.it","(Correspd. Tel.: +39 045 8027070; Fax: +39 045 8027068) Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. E-mail: luca.vigano@univr.it#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. E-mail: luca.vigano@univr.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Correspd. Tel.: +39 045 8027070; Fax: +39 045 8027068) Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. E-mail: luca.vigano@univr.it#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025344654","display_name":"David Basin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2952-939X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Basin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: basin@inf.ethz.ch","Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: basin@inf.ethz.ch#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: basin@inf.ethz.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: basin@inf.ethz.ch#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101515402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119439378"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95868076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"575","last_page":"618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.8138390779495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.695724368095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-programming","display_name":"Constraint programming","score":0.5251460075378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-constraint","display_name":"Binary constraint","score":0.5184664130210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5000605583190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4894236624240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-learning","display_name":"Constraint learning","score":0.4801311194896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.46713972091674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-satisfaction","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","score":0.4580487310886383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-logic-programming","display_name":"Constraint logic programming","score":0.4557360112667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.45555007457733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-algorithm","display_name":"Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)","score":0.42001914978027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.41236284375190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2445387840270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17806223034858704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.8138390779495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.695724368095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173404611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528588","display_name":"Constraint programming","level":3,"score":0.5251460075378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79475747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913885","display_name":"Binary constraint","level":5,"score":0.5184664130210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5000605583190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4894236624240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29230964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164376","display_name":"Constraint learning","level":5,"score":0.4801311194896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.46713972091674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44616089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30158686","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","level":3,"score":0.4580487310886383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164378","display_name":"Constraint logic programming","level":4,"score":0.4557360112667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.45555007457733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62469222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092103","display_name":"Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)","level":5,"score":0.42001914978027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41236284375190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2445387840270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17806223034858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jcs-2009-0351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcs-2009-0351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106992369","display_name":"Journal of Computer Security","issn_l":"0926-227X","issn":["0926-227X","1875-8924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/75cec400-62a7-49e1-8d06-d862c7e53802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/75cec400-62a7-49e1-8d06-d862c7e53802","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Modersheim , S , Vigan\u00f2 , L & Basin , D 2010 , ' Constraint differentiation : Search-space reduction for the constraint-based analysis of security protocols ' , Journal of Computer Security , vol. 18 , no. 4 , pp. 576-618 . https://doi.org/10.3233/JCS-2009-0351","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/13d94ad3-15e2-4938-9fa3-7c5f855009ef","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/13d94ad3-15e2-4938-9fa3-7c5f855009ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"M\u00f6dersheim , S A , Basin , D & Vigan\u00f2 , L 2010 , ' Constraint Differentiation : Search-Space Reduction for the Constraint-Based Analysis of Security Protocols ' , Journal of Computer Security , vol. 18 , no. 4 , pp. 575-618 . https://doi.org/10.3233/JCS-2009-0351","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3440984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3440984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3440984","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3440984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1454700437","https://openalex.org/W1542190420","https://openalex.org/W1560730347","https://openalex.org/W1569881051","https://openalex.org/W1579090196","https://openalex.org/W1583295953","https://openalex.org/W1595293097","https://openalex.org/W1603878273","https://openalex.org/W1619409532","https://openalex.org/W1705753742","https://openalex.org/W1800123991","https://openalex.org/W1858410342","https://openalex.org/W1971427863","https://openalex.org/W2003915781","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2036670017","https://openalex.org/W2102523268","https://openalex.org/W2106278156","https://openalex.org/W2108533001","https://openalex.org/W2112189440","https://openalex.org/W2114189125","https://openalex.org/W2117064875","https://openalex.org/W2120992963","https://openalex.org/W2126338744","https://openalex.org/W2132544882","https://openalex.org/W2150682469","https://openalex.org/W2151256982","https://openalex.org/W2153662813","https://openalex.org/W2166327763","https://openalex.org/W2168332701","https://openalex.org/W2175137100","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2675278944","https://openalex.org/W1532176371","https://openalex.org/W1486916474","https://openalex.org/W1496100162","https://openalex.org/W2334636689","https://openalex.org/W1531664660","https://openalex.org/W1551947503","https://openalex.org/W1864499657","https://openalex.org/W2992108460","https://openalex.org/W2400204790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,50],"introduce":[1],"constraint":[2,52,77,125],"differentiation,":[3],"a":[4,37,55,96,107,141],"powerful":[5],"technique":[6,104],"for":[7,110],"reducing":[8],"search":[9,30,129],"when":[10,32],"model-checking":[11],"security":[12,111],"protocols":[13],"using":[14,33],"constraint-based":[15,68,89],"methods.":[16],"Constraint":[17],"differentiation":[18,53,78,126],"works":[19],"by":[20,46,118],"eliminating":[21],"certain":[22],"kinds":[23],"of":[24,59,65,135,144],"redundancies":[25],"that":[26,42,76,86,124],"arise":[27],"in":[28,54],"the":[29,40,60,66,84,87,133],"space":[31],"constraints":[34],"to":[35,140],"represent":[36],"nd":[38],"manipulate":[39],"messages":[41],"may":[43],"be":[44],"sent":[45],"an":[47],"active":[48],"intruder.":[49],"define":[51],"general":[56],"way,":[57],"independent":[58],"technical":[61],"and":[62,70,80,114,130],"conceptual":[63],"details":[64],"underlying":[67],"method":[69],"protocol":[71,112],"model.":[72],"Formally,":[73],"we":[74,100],"prove":[75],"terminates":[79],"is":[81],"correct,":[82],"under":[83],"assumption":[85],"original":[88],"approach":[90],"has":[91],"these":[92],"properties.":[93],"Practically,":[94],"as":[95],"concrete":[97],"case":[98],"study,":[99],"have":[101],"integrated":[102],"this":[103],"into":[105],"OFMC,":[106,136],"state-of-the-art":[108],"model-checker":[109],"analysis,":[113],"demonstrated":[115],"its":[116,138],"effectiveness":[117],"extensive":[119],"experimentation.":[120],"Our":[121],"results":[122],"show":[123],"substantially":[127],"reduces":[128],"considerably":[131],"improves":[132],"performance":[134],"enabling":[137],"application":[139],"wider":[142],"class":[143],"problems.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}