{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796001415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcs-17984","title":"Low-deterministic security for low-nondeterministic programs","display_name":"Low-deterministic security for low-nondeterministic programs","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796001415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcs-17984","mag":"2796001415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/jcs-17984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcs-17984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106992369","display_name":"Journal of Computer Security","issn_l":"0926-227X","issn":["0926-227X","1875-8924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018675749","display_name":"Simon Bischof","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Bischof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049741143","display_name":"Joachim Breitner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-6821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joachim Breitner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075599540","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Graf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3831-1098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Graf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075887079","display_name":"Martin Hecker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Hecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028947472","display_name":"Martin Mohr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Mohr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051452087","display_name":"Gregor Snelting","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregor Snelting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. E-mail:\u00a0gregor.snelting@kit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051452087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82133134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"335","last_page":"366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.856088399887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.8220200538635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondeterministic-algorithm","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","score":0.7921385765075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.5570425391197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.48603731393814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.4649431109428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43960005044937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43361443281173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.4136129319667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38836225867271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3645075559616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.28351321816444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09724032878875732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.856088399887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.8220200538635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176181172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3490301","display_name":"Nondeterministic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.7921385765075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5570425391197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.48603731393814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.4649431109428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43960005044937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43361443281173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.4136129319667816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38836225867271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3645075559616089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28351321816444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09724032878875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/jcs-17984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcs-17984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106992369","display_name":"Journal of Computer Security","issn_l":"0926-227X","issn":["0926-227X","1875-8924"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13082435","https://openalex.org/W1482412090","https://openalex.org/W1484822807","https://openalex.org/W1533386851","https://openalex.org/W1579441649","https://openalex.org/W1594982746","https://openalex.org/W1969454562","https://openalex.org/W1985453495","https://openalex.org/W2012131382","https://openalex.org/W2028481887","https://openalex.org/W2034527657","https://openalex.org/W2039499923","https://openalex.org/W2050584434","https://openalex.org/W2054383157","https://openalex.org/W2057503672","https://openalex.org/W2057618986","https://openalex.org/W2088140535","https://openalex.org/W2108887121","https://openalex.org/W2122049982","https://openalex.org/W2123858370","https://openalex.org/W2126806819","https://openalex.org/W2145400287","https://openalex.org/W2145846275","https://openalex.org/W2149465027","https://openalex.org/W2151009878","https://openalex.org/W2167272956","https://openalex.org/W2168686464","https://openalex.org/W2170528665","https://openalex.org/W2170656359","https://openalex.org/W2398006786","https://openalex.org/W2407316003","https://openalex.org/W2481261230","https://openalex.org/W2496353951","https://openalex.org/W2565255124","https://openalex.org/W2744258875","https://openalex.org/W2948700248","https://openalex.org/W4235389451","https://openalex.org/W4235915479","https://openalex.org/W4242966830","https://openalex.org/W6814114051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331437543","https://openalex.org/W2374922297","https://openalex.org/W2021596359","https://openalex.org/W2117191146","https://openalex.org/W2003327353","https://openalex.org/W1529656707","https://openalex.org/W1601878028","https://openalex.org/W1597181838","https://openalex.org/W1580323521","https://openalex.org/W2471401686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,106,135,151],"present":[1],"a":[2,7,81,139,158],"new":[3,82,111],"algorithm,":[4],"together":[5,91],"with":[6,92,132],"full":[8,130],"soundness":[9,115],"proof,":[10],"which":[11],"guarantees":[12],"probabilistic":[13],"noninterference":[14],"(PN)":[15],"for":[16,28],"concurrent":[17],"programs.":[18],"The":[19,42,117],"algorithm":[20,43,112,118,147],"follows":[21],"the":[22,29,47,110,122,146],"\u201clow-deterministic":[23],"security\u201d":[24],"(LSOD)":[25],"approach,":[26],"but":[27],"first":[30],"time":[31],"allows":[32],"general":[33],"low-nondeterminism":[34,55],"as":[35,37,58,60],"long":[36,59],"PN":[38],"is":[39,44,56,62,99,119,157],"not":[40,63],"violated.":[41],"based":[45],"on":[46],"earlier":[48],"observation":[49],"by":[50,65],"Giffhorn":[51],"and":[52,101,113,127,143,161],"Snelting":[53],"that":[54,154],"secure":[57],"it":[61],"influenced":[64],"high":[66],"events":[67],"[":[68],"International":[69],"Journal":[70],"of":[71,84,109],"Information":[72],"Security":[73],"14":[74],"(":[75],"2015":[76],")":[77],"263\u2013287].":[78],"It":[79],"uses":[80],"system":[83],"classification":[85],"flow":[86],"equations":[87],"in":[88],"multi-threaded":[89,140],"programs,":[90],"inter-thread/interprocedural":[93],"dominators.":[94],"Compared":[95],"to":[96,138],"LSOD,":[97],"precision":[98],"boosted":[100],"false":[102,149],"alarms":[103],"are":[104],"minimized.":[105],"explain":[107],"details":[108],"its":[114],"proof.":[116],"integrated":[120],"into":[121],"JOANA":[123,137],"software":[124,164],"security":[125,156,165],"tool,":[126],"can":[128],"handle":[129],"Java":[131],"arbitrary":[133],"threads.":[134],"apply":[136],"e-voting":[141],"system,":[142],"show":[144],"how":[145],"eliminates":[148],"alarms.":[150],"thus":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"low-deterministic":[155],"highly":[159],"precise":[160],"practically":[162],"mature":[163],"analysis":[166],"method.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}