{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393586840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/idt-240075","title":"Enhanced image steganalysis through reinforcement learning and generative adversarial networks","display_name":"Enhanced image steganalysis through reinforcement learning and generative adversarial networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393586840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/idt-240075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/idt-240075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/idt-240075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119727669","display_name":"Intelligent Decision Technologies","issn_l":"1872-4981","issn":["1872-4981","1875-8843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Decision Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091513631","display_name":"Sumia Abdulhussien Razooqi Al-Obaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2863-6479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41832843","display_name":"University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/01papkj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sumia Abdulhussien Razooqi Al-Obaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012671504","display_name":"\u202aMina Zolfy Lighvan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-597X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41832843","display_name":"University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/01papkj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mina Zolfy Lighvan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023247724","display_name":"Mohammad Asadpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-149X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41832843","display_name":"University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/01papkj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Asadpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091513631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41832843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83514157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"1077","last_page":"1100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.9422927498817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8329272270202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.72690749168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5808896422386169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.579322338104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5663808584213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5652288794517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3391304910182953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3242149353027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.1821253001689911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.9422927498817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8329272270202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.72690749168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5808896422386169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.579322338104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5663808584213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5652288794517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3391304910182953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3242149353027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.1821253001689911}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/idt-240075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/idt-240075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119727669","display_name":"Intelligent Decision Technologies","issn_l":"1872-4981","issn":["1872-4981","1875-8843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Decision Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10162706","https://openalex.org/W1955882805","https://openalex.org/W1976570511","https://openalex.org/W1994961181","https://openalex.org/W2038855137","https://openalex.org/W2123170991","https://openalex.org/W2132791018","https://openalex.org/W2134527668","https://openalex.org/W2158518777","https://openalex.org/W2192227561","https://openalex.org/W2322622188","https://openalex.org/W2514127746","https://openalex.org/W2538511122","https://openalex.org/W2542290803","https://openalex.org/W2621048556","https://openalex.org/W2739185626","https://openalex.org/W2751202750","https://openalex.org/W2752069020","https://openalex.org/W2760237987","https://openalex.org/W2791370475","https://openalex.org/W2794584741","https://openalex.org/W2860433205","https://openalex.org/W2883233582","https://openalex.org/W2889107560","https://openalex.org/W2892948265","https://openalex.org/W2897738799","https://openalex.org/W2949862294","https://openalex.org/W2963043051","https://openalex.org/W2963957509","https://openalex.org/W2964098128","https://openalex.org/W2964267196","https://openalex.org/W3034328552","https://openalex.org/W3038356146","https://openalex.org/W3046549894","https://openalex.org/W3100366369","https://openalex.org/W3105479728","https://openalex.org/W3107621688","https://openalex.org/W3109835285","https://openalex.org/W3121453881","https://openalex.org/W3124809916","https://openalex.org/W4253000688","https://openalex.org/W4281625439","https://openalex.org/W4292976996","https://openalex.org/W4295073605","https://openalex.org/W4318159380","https://openalex.org/W4320917305","https://openalex.org/W4323654738","https://openalex.org/W4376113158","https://openalex.org/W4377030694","https://openalex.org/W4377970517","https://openalex.org/W6601475091","https://openalex.org/W6631688033","https://openalex.org/W6754620411","https://openalex.org/W6803290710","https://openalex.org/W6814003322","https://openalex.org/W6818723395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043480362","https://openalex.org/W2132040196","https://openalex.org/W4318664210","https://openalex.org/W2891791183","https://openalex.org/W2792878404","https://openalex.org/W2912595597","https://openalex.org/W149479374","https://openalex.org/W2902620118","https://openalex.org/W2917657850","https://openalex.org/W2047000895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,43,70,92,102,110,129,138,166,180,184,187,204,251],"surging":[2],"prominence":[3],"of":[4,45,58,73,88,112,131,176,186,253,274],"digital":[5],"communication":[6],"platforms,":[7],"there":[8],"has":[9,26],"been":[10],"an":[11,49,56,159,270],"intensified":[12],"emphasis":[13],"on":[14,118,134,198],"ensuring":[15],"robust":[16],"security":[17],"and":[18,63,206,243,266],"privacy":[19],"measures.":[20],"Against":[21],"this":[22],"backdrop,":[23],"image":[24,40,53],"steganalysis":[25,54],"emerged":[27],"as":[28,171,240],"a":[29,119,147,174,223,229,259],"critical":[30],"discipline,":[31],"employing":[32],"advanced":[33,160],"methods":[34],"to":[35,127,150,234,262],"detect":[36],"clandestine":[37],"data":[38,65,75,217],"within":[39,76],"files.":[41],"At":[42],"core":[44],"our":[46,113,135,211,254],"research":[47],"is":[48,192],"innovative":[50],"exploration":[51],"into":[52],"using":[55,219],"amalgamation":[57],"enhanced":[59],"reinforcement":[60],"learning":[61,133],"techniques":[62],"online":[64],"augmentation.":[66],"This":[67,190],"methodology":[68],"ensures":[69],"meticulous":[71],"identification":[72],"concealed":[74],"images.":[77,94],"Our":[78,247],"design":[79],"integrates":[80],"triple":[81],"parallel":[82],"dilated":[83],"convolutions,":[84],"enabling":[85],"concurrent":[86],"extraction":[87],"feature":[89],"vectors":[90,98],"from":[91,123],"input":[93],"Once":[95],"extracted,":[96],"these":[97,144],"are":[99,169],"synthesized,":[100],"paving":[101],"way":[103],"for":[104],"subsequent":[105],"classification":[106,212],"tasks.":[107],"To":[108,154,209],"substantiate":[109],"efficacy":[111],"approach,":[114],"we":[115,157,214],"conducted":[116],"tests":[117],"comprehensive":[120],"dataset":[121,140,167],"sourced":[122],"BossBase":[124],"1.01.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"discern":[128,263],"influence":[130],"transfer":[132],"proposed":[136],"model,":[137],"BOWS":[139],"was":[141,232],"employed.":[142],"Notably,":[143],"datasets":[145],"present":[146],"challenge":[148],"due":[149],"its":[151,199],"inherent":[152],"imbalance.":[153],"counteract":[155],"this,":[156],"incorporated":[158],"Reinforcement":[161],"Learning":[162],"(RL)":[163],"framework.":[164],"Herein,":[165],"samples":[168],"envisioned":[170],"states":[172],"in":[173,201],"sequence":[175],"interrelated":[177],"decisions,":[178],"with":[179],"neural":[181],"network":[182],"playing":[183],"role":[185],"decision-making":[188],"agent.":[189],"agent":[191],"then":[193],"incentivized":[194],"or":[195],"reprimanded":[196],"based":[197],"accuracy":[200,272],"discerning":[202],"between":[203,264],"minority":[205],"majority":[207],"classes.":[208],"bolster":[210],"capabilities,":[213],"innovatively":[215],"employed":[216],"augmentation":[218],"images":[220],"generated":[221],"by":[222],"Generative":[224],"Adversarial":[225],"Network":[226],"(GAN).":[227],"Concurrently,":[228],"regularization":[230],"mechanism":[231],"instituted":[233],"alleviate":[235],"prevalent":[236],"GAN-related":[237],"challenges,":[238],"such":[239],"mode":[241],"collapse":[242],"unstable":[244],"training":[245],"dynamics.":[246],"experimental":[248],"outcomes":[249],"underscore":[250],"potency":[252],"methodology.":[255],"The":[256],"results":[257],"highlight":[258],"remarkable":[260],"capability":[261],"pristine":[265],"steganographic":[267],"images,":[268],"registering":[269],"average":[271],"rate":[273],"85%.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
