{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293053765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/idt-210249","title":"Facial expression recognition under constrained conditions using stacked generalized convolution neural network","display_name":"Facial expression recognition under constrained conditions using stacked generalized convolution neural network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293053765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/idt-210249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/idt-210249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/idt-210249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119727669","display_name":"Intelligent Decision Technologies","issn_l":"1872-4981","issn":["1872-4981","1875-8843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Decision Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043097352","display_name":"Suchitra Saxena","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suchitra Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009362621","display_name":"Shikha Tripathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-5570"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shikha Tripathi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072657959","display_name":"T. S. B. Sudarshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-7389"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudarshan T S B","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11146945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"457","last_page":"473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.7341150045394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7335031032562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7140111327171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6256978511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5960423946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5939492583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5576822757720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.5488250851631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5417312979698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.5159712433815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5070984363555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.456572562456131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.43668490648269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4204622507095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.39292293787002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.349150151014328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.3210553526878357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.7341150045394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7335031032562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7140111327171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6256978511810303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5960423946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5939492583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5576822757720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.5488250851631165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5417312979698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.5159712433815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5070984363555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.456572562456131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.43668490648269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4204622507095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.39292293787002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.349150151014328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.3210553526878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/idt-210249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/idt-210249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119727669","display_name":"Intelligent Decision Technologies","issn_l":"1872-4981","issn":["1872-4981","1875-8843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Decision Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1604550738","https://openalex.org/W1970942140","https://openalex.org/W2009375902","https://openalex.org/W2018543616","https://openalex.org/W2023998143","https://openalex.org/W2037712846","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2080830759","https://openalex.org/W2081695762","https://openalex.org/W2107745603","https://openalex.org/W2110885456","https://openalex.org/W2318934522","https://openalex.org/W2343258859","https://openalex.org/W2517304597","https://openalex.org/W2558680118","https://openalex.org/W2736814566","https://openalex.org/W2774147932","https://openalex.org/W2774521151","https://openalex.org/W2909843626","https://openalex.org/W2912990735","https://openalex.org/W2945440175","https://openalex.org/W2970851737","https://openalex.org/W3000204199","https://openalex.org/W3003729172","https://openalex.org/W3016118807","https://openalex.org/W3037770262","https://openalex.org/W3056251842","https://openalex.org/W3106361428","https://openalex.org/W3110828520","https://openalex.org/W3120801779","https://openalex.org/W3175342695","https://openalex.org/W4210993929","https://openalex.org/W6679338098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133467193","https://openalex.org/W2031420897","https://openalex.org/W2017517155","https://openalex.org/W3000871370","https://openalex.org/W2140205990","https://openalex.org/W2129261353","https://openalex.org/W1982770690","https://openalex.org/W2586466776","https://openalex.org/W2776291635","https://openalex.org/W2169126105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"cognitive-analysis":[1],"of":[2,31,100,132,143],"facial":[3,7,32,56,75,90,102,133],"features":[4],"can":[5,177],"make":[6],"expression":[8,33,134],"recognition":[9,34,135],"system":[10,35,136,163],"more":[11],"robust":[12],"and":[13,69,169,182,190],"efficient":[14],"for":[15,46,156,180],"Human-Machine":[16],"Interaction":[17],"(HMI)":[18],"applications.":[19,49],"Through":[20],"this":[21,95],"work,":[22],"we":[23],"propose":[24],"a":[25,51,97,118],"new":[26],"methodology":[27],"to":[28,73,129,149,152],"improve":[29,130],"accuracy":[30,131,142],"even":[36,137],"with":[37,123,166],"the":[38,78,107,144],"constraints":[39],"like":[40],"partial":[41],"hidden":[42,192],"faces":[43],"or":[44],"occlusions":[45,88],"real":[47],"time":[48],"As":[50],"first":[52],"step,":[53],"seven":[54,112,158],"independent":[55],"segments:":[57],"Full-Face,":[58],"half-face":[59],"(left/right),":[60],"upper":[61],"half":[62,65],"face,":[63,66],"lower":[64],"eyes,":[67],"mouth":[68],"nose":[70],"are":[71,92,115],"considered":[72],"recognize":[74],"expression.":[76],"Unlike":[77],"work":[79,96],"reported":[80],"in":[81,94,138],"literature,":[82],"where":[83],"arbitrarily":[84],"generated":[85],"patch":[86],"type":[87],"on":[89,173],"regions":[91],"used,":[93],"detailed":[98],"analysis":[99],"each":[101],"feature":[103],"is":[104,170],"explored.":[105],"Using":[106],"results":[108],"thus":[109],"obtained,":[110],"these":[111],"sub":[113],"models":[114],"combined":[116],"using":[117],"Stacked":[119],"Generalized":[120],"ensemble":[121],"method":[122],"deep":[124],"neural":[125],"network":[126],"as":[127],"meta-learner":[128],"occluded":[139],"state.":[140],"The":[141,161],"proposed":[145,162],"model":[146,154,159],"improved":[147],"up":[148],"30%":[150],"compared":[151],"individual":[153],"accuracies":[155],"cross-corpus":[157],"datasets.":[160],"uses":[164],"CNN":[165],"RPA":[167],"compliance":[168],"also":[171],"configured":[172],"Raspberry":[174],"Pi,":[175],"which":[176,186],"be":[178],"used":[179],"HRI":[181],"Industry":[183],"4.0":[184],"applications":[185],"involve":[187],"face":[188,193],"occlusion":[189],"partially":[191],"challenges.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}