{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402152869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-230927","title":"Deep hierarchical spectral-spatial feature fusion for hyperspectral image classification based on convolutional neural network","display_name":"Deep hierarchical spectral-spatial feature fusion for hyperspectral image classification based on convolutional neural network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402152869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-230927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ida-230927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-230927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498839158","display_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","issn_l":"1088-467X","issn":["1088-467X","1571-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis: An International Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086388598","display_name":"Somenath Bera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-6184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165831266","display_name":"Nirma University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qkq7x38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885392262","display_name":"GITAM University","ror":"https://ror.org/0440p1d37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somenath Bera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Technology, Institute of Technology, Nirma University,  Ahmedabad, India","Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM University, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Technology, Institute of Technology, Nirma University,  Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM University, Telangana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065763850","display_name":"Naushad Varish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885392262","display_name":"GITAM University","ror":"https://ror.org/0440p1d37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naushad Varish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM University, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM University, Telangana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060045279","display_name":"Syed Irfan Yaqoob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-4892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101407740","display_name":"Chandigarh University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t4pvx35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed irfan Yaqoob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering (AIT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering (AIT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044520064","display_name":"Mudassir Rafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7685-2600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["IN","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mudassir Rafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, India","Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University, Amaravati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022205148","display_name":"Vimal K. Shrivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-4541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67357951","display_name":"KIIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k8zt527","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67357951"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99729588","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar","ror":"https://ror.org/04gx72j20","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99729588"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimal K. Shrivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67357951","https://openalex.org/I99729588"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044520064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147","https://openalex.org/I82952536"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22821426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"385","last_page":"407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.784427285194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7773289084434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7389827966690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7090387940406799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.661309003829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6515254974365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6248856782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5699054598808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"Spectral bands","score":0.5288684964179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4651535451412201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4383352994918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3046027719974518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.2572106122970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11021444201469421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.784427285194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7773289084434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7389827966690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7090387940406799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.661309003829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6515254974365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6248856782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5699054598808289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.5288684964179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4651535451412201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4383352994918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3046027719974518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2572106122970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11021444201469421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ida-230927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-230927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498839158","display_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","issn_l":"1088-467X","issn":["1088-467X","1571-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis: An International Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966580635","https://openalex.org/W1997893060","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2043665634","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2123524586","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2189414701","https://openalex.org/W2221380621","https://openalex.org/W2314785379","https://openalex.org/W2466877391","https://openalex.org/W2472919595","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2533102868","https://openalex.org/W2562461367","https://openalex.org/W2577238056","https://openalex.org/W2610166850","https://openalex.org/W2613575128","https://openalex.org/W2754144807","https://openalex.org/W2759690896","https://openalex.org/W2765739551","https://openalex.org/W2779530678","https://openalex.org/W2784118841","https://openalex.org/W2792301241","https://openalex.org/W2792332881","https://openalex.org/W2793508959","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2800371750","https://openalex.org/W2801908789","https://openalex.org/W2805177060","https://openalex.org/W2809635958","https://openalex.org/W2890300983","https://openalex.org/W2891352623","https://openalex.org/W2914331134","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922088567","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2943188597","https://openalex.org/W2946747211","https://openalex.org/W2959034731","https://openalex.org/W2981704194","https://openalex.org/W3005414792","https://openalex.org/W3109201934","https://openalex.org/W4250056939","https://openalex.org/W4285266400","https://openalex.org/W4307959916","https://openalex.org/W4313330791","https://openalex.org/W4386256333"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982418987","https://openalex.org/W1978077614","https://openalex.org/W4327563507","https://openalex.org/W2603494857","https://openalex.org/W2024377932","https://openalex.org/W2799746630","https://openalex.org/W4310079726","https://openalex.org/W2040117879","https://openalex.org/W4390582117","https://openalex.org/W2889956472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Joint":[0],"spectral-spatial":[1,31,51,87,92],"feature":[2,32,52,88,129],"extraction":[3,33,53],"has":[4],"been":[5,156],"proven":[6],"to":[7,20,41,64,97,107],"be":[8],"the":[9,21,65,99,104,109,148,153,167],"most":[10],"effective":[11,80],"part":[12],"of":[13,23,60,67,115,123,150,192],"hyperspectral":[14],"image":[15],"(HSI)":[16],"classification.":[17],"But,":[18],"due":[19,63],"mixing":[22],"informative":[24,121],"and":[25,44,102,119,127,134,142,174,180,194],"noisy":[26],"bands":[27,56,118,122],"in":[28],"HSI,":[29],"joint":[30,50],"using":[34],"convolutional":[35],"neural":[36],"network":[37],"(CNN)":[38],"may":[39,57],"lead":[40],"information":[42,62,100],"loss":[43,59,101],"high":[45],"computational":[46],"cost.":[47],"More":[48],"specifically,":[49],"from":[54],"excessive":[55],"cause":[58],"spectral":[61,72,117,126,133],"involvement":[66],"convolution":[68],"operation":[69],"on":[70,158,184],"non-informative":[71],"bands.":[73],"Therefore,":[74],"we":[75],"propose":[76],"a":[77],"simple":[78],"yet":[79],"deep":[81,85,105],"learning":[82],"model,":[83,152],"named":[84],"hierarchical":[86],"fusion":[89],"(DHSSFF),":[90],"where":[91],"features":[93,106,136],"are":[94,137],"exploited":[95],"separately":[96],"reduce":[98],"fuse":[103],"learn":[108],"semantic":[110],"information.":[111],"It":[112],"makes":[113],"use":[114],"abundant":[116],"few":[120],"HSI":[124,161],"for":[125],"spatial":[128,135],"extraction,":[130],"respectively.":[131,145,197],"The":[132],"extracted":[138],"through":[139],"1D":[140],"CNN":[141],"3D":[143],"CNN,":[144],"To":[146],"validate":[147],"effectiveness":[149],"our":[151],"experiments":[154],"have":[155],"performed":[157],"five":[159],"well-known":[160],"datasets.":[162],"Experimental":[163],"results":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"that":[166],"proposed":[168],"method":[169],"outperforms":[170],"other":[171],"state-of-the-art":[172],"methods":[173],"achieved":[175],"99.17%,":[176],"98.84%,":[177],"98.70%,":[178],"99.18%,":[179],"99.24%":[181],"overall":[182],"accuracy":[183],"Kennedy":[185],"Space":[186],"Center,":[187],"Botswana,":[188],"Indian":[189],"Pines,":[190],"University":[191],"Pavia,":[193],"Salinas":[195],"datasets,":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}