{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391470627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-230153","title":"Lightweight blockchain approach to reduce double-spend and 51% attacks on Proof-of-Work","display_name":"Lightweight blockchain approach to reduce double-spend and 51% attacks on Proof-of-Work","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391470627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-230153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ida-230153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-230153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498839158","display_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","issn_l":"1088-467X","issn":["1088-467X","1571-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085577793","display_name":"Nayancy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115715567","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra","ror":"https://ror.org/028vtqb15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nayancy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033811742","display_name":"Sandip Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-2125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115715567","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra","ror":"https://ror.org/028vtqb15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandip Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078645183","display_name":"Soubhik Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-9027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115715567","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra","ror":"https://ror.org/028vtqb15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soubhik Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085577793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8412,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91369788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"1309","last_page":"1319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9191327095031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.8796572685241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.6095196008682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5337176322937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/burden-of-proof","display_name":"Burden of proof","score":0.5075491666793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4961167275905609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-concept","display_name":"Proof of concept","score":0.46034055948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18016231060028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11537227034568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.10052528977394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08902952075004578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9191327095031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.8796572685241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6095196008682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5337176322937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777431735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535975","display_name":"Burden of proof","level":2,"score":0.5075491666793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4961167275905609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.46034055948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18016231060028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11537227034568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10052528977394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08902952075004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ida-230153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-230153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498839158","display_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","issn_l":"1088-467X","issn":["1088-467X","1571-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2216673366","https://openalex.org/W2549687423","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2904338335","https://openalex.org/W2904417349","https://openalex.org/W2912977751","https://openalex.org/W2913922433","https://openalex.org/W2920963331","https://openalex.org/W2989946834","https://openalex.org/W2993987972","https://openalex.org/W2997470263","https://openalex.org/W2998571497","https://openalex.org/W3012143974","https://openalex.org/W3046239521","https://openalex.org/W3089656219","https://openalex.org/W3099200343","https://openalex.org/W3100637206","https://openalex.org/W3113673319","https://openalex.org/W3192053793","https://openalex.org/W4321021854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312475206","https://openalex.org/W2899359367","https://openalex.org/W4200362035","https://openalex.org/W2981481350","https://openalex.org/W2354521390","https://openalex.org/W2349405618","https://openalex.org/W2393453016","https://openalex.org/W4382371683","https://openalex.org/W3122865845","https://openalex.org/W96147258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0,19],"has":[1,21,32],"attracted":[2],"tremendous":[3],"attention":[4],"in":[5,24,41,77,99,104],"recent":[6],"years":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,93,112,155,160],"its":[10],"significant":[11],"features":[12],"including":[13,28],"anonymity,":[14],"security,":[15],"immutability,":[16],"and":[17,35,43,70,110,117,137,164,171,177,185],"audibility.":[18],"technology":[20],"been":[22],"used":[23],"several":[25],"nonmonetary":[26],"applications,":[27],"Internet-of-Things.":[29],"Though":[30],"blockchain":[31,62,80],"limited":[33],"resources,":[34],"scalability":[36],"is":[37,65,75,102,118],"computationally":[38],"expensive,":[39],"resulting":[40],"delays":[42],"large":[44],"bandwidth":[45],"overhead":[46,138,176],"that":[47,64,133],"are":[48,169],"unsuitable":[49],"for":[50,67,120,150],"many":[51],"IoT":[52,68],"devices.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57],"work":[58],"on":[59,181],"a":[60,84,87,127,146,179],"lightweight":[61,79],"approach":[63],"suited":[66],"needs":[69],"provides":[71],"end-to-end":[72],"security.":[73],"Decentralization":[74],"achieved":[76],"our":[78],"implementation":[81],"by":[82],"building":[83],"network":[85,101],"with":[86],"lot":[88],"of":[89,139,153],"high-resource":[90],"devices":[91],"collaborate":[92],"maintain":[94],"the":[95,100,114,122,135,140,151,157,162,174,182],"blockchain.":[96,124],"The":[97,167],"nodes":[98,154],"arranged":[103],"sorted":[105],"order":[106],"w.r.t":[107],"execution":[108,129],"time":[109],"count":[111],"reduce":[113,173],"mining":[115,141,175],"overheads":[116],"accountable":[119],"handling":[121],"public":[123],"We":[125,143],"propose":[126,145],"distributed":[128],"time-based":[130],"consensus":[131],"algorithm":[132,149],"decreases":[134],"delay":[136],"process.":[142],"also":[144],"randomized":[147],"node-selection":[148],"selection":[152],"verify":[156],"mined":[158],"blocks":[159],"eliminate":[161],"double-spend":[163],"51%":[165,186],"attack.":[166,187],"results":[168],"encouraging":[170],"significantly":[172],"keep":[178],"check":[180],"double-spending":[183],"problem":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}