{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1483463902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-2009-0385","title":"Fuzzy linear and nonlinear discriminant analysis algorithms for face recognition","display_name":"Fuzzy linear and nonlinear discriminant analysis algorithms for face recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1483463902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-2009-0385","mag":"1483463902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ida-2009-0385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-2009-0385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498839158","display_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","issn_l":"1088-467X","issn":["1088-467X","1571-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075132083","display_name":"Khalid Chougdali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-0461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325784139","display_name":"Yahoo (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/038p3gq39","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325784139","https://openalex.org/I4210134091"]}],"countries":["GB","MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Chougdali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco","(Correspd. Tel.: +212 60 40 27 40; E-mail: chougdali@yahoo.fr) Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(Correspd. Tel.: +212 60 40 27 40; E-mail: chougdali@yahoo.fr) Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325784139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020167228","display_name":"Mohamed Jedra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Jedra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco","Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112032616","display_name":"Noureddine Zahid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noureddine Zahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco","Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Conception and Systems, Faculty of Sciences AGDAL, Avenue Ibn Batouta, B.P.1014, Rabat, Morocco#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075132083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I1325784139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56277638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"657","last_page":"669"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.941100001335144,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.8448765277862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7029711008071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-fisher-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","score":0.7021079659461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.6979789733886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6324340105056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.627486526966095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6111727952957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6089218258857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5130292177200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.48024633526802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4740947186946869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44781941175460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.42362427711486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36411309242248535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.8448765277862549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7029711008071899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181367576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394184","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","level":4,"score":0.7021079659461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.6979789733886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6324340105056763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.627486526966095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6111727952957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6089218258857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5130292177200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.48024633526802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4740947186946869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44781941175460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.42362427711486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36411309242248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ida-2009-0385","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-2009-0385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498839158","display_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","issn_l":"1088-467X","issn":["1088-467X","1571-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560724230","https://openalex.org/W1770825568","https://openalex.org/W1965751818","https://openalex.org/W1985809919","https://openalex.org/W2012352340","https://openalex.org/W2014949624","https://openalex.org/W2021012145","https://openalex.org/W2041657594","https://openalex.org/W2088900896","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2123717786","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2129407254","https://openalex.org/W2133324003","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2142066162","https://openalex.org/W2143304877","https://openalex.org/W2148373517","https://openalex.org/W2150796457","https://openalex.org/W2164071167","https://openalex.org/W2798909945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141981133","https://openalex.org/W1978302214","https://openalex.org/W1963649114","https://openalex.org/W3147024994","https://openalex.org/W2321869780","https://openalex.org/W2162393942","https://openalex.org/W2025089370","https://openalex.org/W1984472287","https://openalex.org/W2371177901","https://openalex.org/W2589829774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"two":[3,81],"novels":[4],"algorithms":[5],"based":[6,42],"on":[7,68],"fuzzy":[8,21,37,85],"logic":[9],"and":[10,31,55,71],"discriminant":[11,26,43],"analysis":[12,27],"for":[13],"face":[14,63,76,92],"recognition.":[15],"The":[16],"first":[17],"one":[18,34],"is":[19,35],"a":[20,24,36,88],"extension":[22,38],"of":[23,39,62],"linear":[25],"algorithm":[28],"namely":[29],"LDA/QR":[30],"the":[32,60,69,72,80],"second":[33],"kernel":[40],"scatter-difference":[41],"analysi":[44],"s":[45],"(KSDA)":[46],"algorithm.":[47],"They":[48],"can":[49],"deal":[50],"with":[51,95],"small":[52],"sample":[53],"size":[54],"nonlinear":[56],"problems":[57],"which":[58],"degrade":[59],"performance":[61,90],"recognition":[64,93],"system.":[65],"Experimental":[66],"results":[67],"ORL":[70],"extended":[73],"Yale":[74],"B":[75],"databases":[77],"show":[78],"that":[79],"proposed":[82],"approaches,":[83],"using":[84],"logic,":[86],"achieves":[87],"better":[89],"in":[91],"compared":[94],"their":[96],"original":[97],"versions.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
