{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2939865913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-184333","title":"On time series classification with dictionary-based classifiers","display_name":"On time series classification with dictionary-based classifiers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2939865913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-184333","mag":"2939865913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/ida-184333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-184333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498839158","display_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","issn_l":"1088-467X","issn":["1088-467X","1571-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/69196/1/T18_507_4333.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081063163","display_name":"James Large","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-3798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799300731","display_name":"Norwich Research Park","ror":"https://ror.org/0062dz060","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799300731"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Large","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541","https://openalex.org/I2799300731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052586692","display_name":"Anthony Bagnall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-8994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799300731","display_name":"Norwich Research Park","ror":"https://ror.org/0062dz060","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799300731"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Bagnall","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541","https://openalex.org/I2799300731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010195449","display_name":"Simon Malinowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-562X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153176","display_name":"Littoral, Environnement, T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, G\u00e9omatique","ror":"https://ror.org/05sat2s07","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I3124938446","https://openalex.org/I4387153176","https://openalex.org/I4405260085","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Malinowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rennes 1, IRISA, LETG-Rennes COSTEL, France","France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rennes 1, IRISA, LETG-Rennes COSTEL, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I4387153176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067296471","display_name":"Romain Tavenard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153176","display_name":"Littoral, Environnement, T\u00e9l\u00e9d\u00e9tection, G\u00e9omatique","ror":"https://ror.org/05sat2s07","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I3124938446","https://openalex.org/I4387153176","https://openalex.org/I4405260085","https://openalex.org/I97188460"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romain Tavenard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rennes 1, IRISA, LETG-Rennes COSTEL, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rennes 1, IRISA, LETG-Rennes COSTEL, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I4387153176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081063163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541","https://openalex.org/I2799300731"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0246,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94604887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"1073","last_page":"1089"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.6232465505599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5715454816818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5567231774330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5501745343208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4087556004524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.058508098125457764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6232465505599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5715454816818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5567231774330139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5501745343208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4087556004524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.058508098125457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/ida-184333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-184333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498839158","display_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","issn_l":"1088-467X","issn":["1088-467X","1571-4128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligent Data Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:69196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/69196/1/T18_507_4333.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:69196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/69196/1/T18_507_4333.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1289431254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M011216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2343858269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1786465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3087056252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M015807/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4333889053","display_name":"The Norwich Research Park Biosciences Doctoral Training Partnership","funder_award_id":"BB/M011216/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","funder_display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6739827899","display_name":"The Collective of Transform Ensembles (COTE) for Time Series Classification","funder_award_id":"EP/M015807/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320274","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332167","display_name":"Directorate for Biological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/001xhss06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2939865913.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2939865913.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W789250018","https://openalex.org/W848133049","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1790904062","https://openalex.org/W1968354112","https://openalex.org/W1975257359","https://openalex.org/W1984674851","https://openalex.org/W1997336782","https://openalex.org/W2009082127","https://openalex.org/W2026909728","https://openalex.org/W2030863907","https://openalex.org/W2035104901","https://openalex.org/W2050493487","https://openalex.org/W2068194158","https://openalex.org/W2123502857","https://openalex.org/W2141536962","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2164274563","https://openalex.org/W2166547175","https://openalex.org/W2169284845","https://openalex.org/W2237307454","https://openalex.org/W2267164421","https://openalex.org/W2524083015","https://openalex.org/W2555077524","https://openalex.org/W2752432857","https://openalex.org/W2786161686","https://openalex.org/W2950533047","https://openalex.org/W3098846496","https://openalex.org/W3122729253","https://openalex.org/W6637358919","https://openalex.org/W6639802338","https://openalex.org/W6693142533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,40],"family":[1],"of":[2,27,43,45,48,51,56,86,109,125,140],"algorithms":[3],"for":[4,104,128,150,164],"time":[5],"series":[6],"classification":[7],"(TSC)":[8],"involve":[9],"running":[10],"a":[11,22,25,35,63,101,187,229],"sliding":[12],"window":[13,19],"across":[14],"each":[15],"series,":[16],"discretising":[17],"the":[18,31,38,79,83,87,107,110,123,126,201,211],"to":[20],"form":[21],"word,":[23],"forming":[24],"histogram":[26],"word":[28],"counts":[29],"over":[30],"dictionary,":[32],"then":[33],"constructing":[34],"classifier":[36],"on":[37],"histograms.":[39],"recent":[41],"evaluation":[42],"two":[44],"this":[46,75],"type":[47],"algorithm,":[49],"Bag":[50,55],"Patterns":[52],"(BOP)":[53],"and":[54,81,93,115,133,172,200,218],"Symbolic":[57],"Fourier":[58],"Approximation":[59],"Symbols":[60],"(BOSS)":[61],"found":[62],"significant":[64],"difference":[65],"in":[66,147,161,181],"accuracy":[67],"between":[68,91],"these":[69],"seemingly":[70],"similar":[71],"algorithms.":[72],"We":[73,95,118,156,175],"investigate":[74],"phenomenon":[76],"by":[77,222],"deconstructing":[78],"classifiers":[80],"measuring":[82],"relative":[84],"importance":[85],"four":[88],"key":[89,102],"components":[90,112],"BOP":[92,132],"BOSS.":[94],"find":[96,176],"that":[97,120,177,225],"whilst":[98],"ensembling":[99],"is":[100,113,193,206,219],"component":[103],"both":[105],"algorithms,":[106],"effect":[108],"other":[111],"mixed":[114],"more":[116,189,195],"complex.":[117],"conclude":[119],"BOSS":[121,134,184,203,227],"represents":[122],"state":[124],"art":[127],"dictionary-based":[129],"TSC.":[130],"Both":[131],"can":[135],"be":[136],"classed":[137],"as":[138,153,228],"bag":[139],"words":[141],"approaches.":[142],"These":[143],"are":[144],"particularly":[145],"popular":[146],"Computer":[148,162],"Vision":[149,163],"tasks":[151],"such":[152],"image":[154],"classification.":[155],"adapt":[157],"three":[158],"techniques":[159],"used":[160],"TSC:":[165],"Scale":[166],"Invariant":[167],"Feature":[168],"Transform;":[169],"Spatial":[170,179],"Pyramids;":[171],"Histogram":[173],"Intersection.":[174],"using":[178],"Pyramids":[180],"conjunction":[182],"with":[183],"(SP)":[185],"produces":[186],"significantly":[188,194,208],"accurate":[190,196],"classifier.":[191],"SP":[192],"than":[197,210],"standard":[198],"benchmarks":[199],"original":[202],"algorithm.":[204],"It":[205],"not":[207],"worse":[209],"best":[212],"shapelet-based":[213],"or":[214],"deep":[215],"learning":[216],"approaches,":[217],"only":[220],"outperformed":[221],"an":[223],"ensemble":[224],"includes":[226],"constituent":[230],"module.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}