{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230296190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/icg-1989-12303","title":"Brute Force in Chess and Science1","display_name":"Brute Force in Chess and Science1","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230296190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/icg-1989-12303"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/icg-1989-12303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/icg-1989-12303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30686695","display_name":"ICGA Journal","issn_l":"1389-6911","issn":["1389-6911","2468-2438"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321919","host_organization_name":"International Computer Games Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321919"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Computer Games Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICGA Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040173827","display_name":"Donald Michie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-0284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125680101","display_name":"Turing Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02x2mw849","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald Michie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Turing Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Turing Institute, Glasgow, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040173827"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125680101"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3971,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83456434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"127","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12677","display_name":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12677","display_name":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brute-force","display_name":"Brute force","score":0.7846300601959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5136436820030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brute-force-attack","display_name":"Brute-force attack","score":0.4114598035812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3616187870502472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17669987678527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.06400659680366516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986801135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209494","display_name":"Brute force","level":2,"score":0.7846300601959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5136436820030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207468940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869370","display_name":"Brute-force attack","level":3,"score":0.4114598035812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3616187870502472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17669987678527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.06400659680366516}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/icg-1989-12303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/icg-1989-12303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30686695","display_name":"ICGA Journal","issn_l":"1389-6911","issn":["1389-6911","2468-2438"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321919","host_organization_name":"International Computer Games Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321919"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Computer Games Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICGA Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3188902280","https://openalex.org/W4226466313","https://openalex.org/W3136039078","https://openalex.org/W1551862606","https://openalex.org/W2464214798","https://openalex.org/W2392880310","https://openalex.org/W143968145","https://openalex.org/W3142500634","https://openalex.org/W4382399242","https://openalex.org/W2648367641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer-hostile":[0],"chess;":[1],"upset":[2],"at":[3],"Long":[4],"Beach;":[5],"Deep":[6,17],"Thought":[7],"vs.":[8,16],"Bent":[9],"Larsen;":[10],"good":[11],"in":[12],"parts;":[13],"Dominic":[14],"Lawson":[15],"Thought;":[18],"use":[19],"of":[20,25],"knowledge;":[21],"grandmaster":[22],"backlash;":[23],"obscurity":[24],"machine":[26,32],"strategies;":[27],"grandmasters":[28],"sheltered":[29],"from":[30],"complexity;":[31],"strate":[33]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}