{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2945998518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/icg-190102","title":"Using patterns as objectives for general video game level generation","display_name":"Using patterns as objectives for general video game level generation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2945998518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/icg-190102","mag":"2945998518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/icg-190102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/icg-190102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30686695","display_name":"ICGA Journal","issn_l":"1389-6911","issn":["1389-6911","2468-2438"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321919","host_organization_name":"International Computer Games Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321919"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Computer Games Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICGA Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103136849","display_name":"Adeel Zafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-7746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adeel Zafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:\u00a0adeel.zafar@riphah.edu.pk,\u00a0mirza.tauseef@riphah.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:\u00a0adeel.zafar@riphah.edu.pk,\u00a0mirza.tauseef@riphah.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001939964","display_name":"Hasan Mujtaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1099-215X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan Mujtaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:\u00a0hasan.mujtaba@nu.edu.pk,\u00a0omer.beg@nu.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:\u00a0hasan.mujtaba@nu.edu.pk,\u00a0omer.beg@nu.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057866233","display_name":"Mirza Tauseef Baig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirza Tauseef Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:\u00a0adeel.zafar@riphah.edu.pk,\u00a0mirza.tauseef@riphah.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:\u00a0adeel.zafar@riphah.edu.pk,\u00a0mirza.tauseef@riphah.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057413825","display_name":"Mirza Omer Beg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5789-2933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirza Omer Beg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:\u00a0hasan.mujtaba@nu.edu.pk,\u00a0omer.beg@nu.edu.pk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. E-mails:\u00a0hasan.mujtaba@nu.edu.pk,\u00a0omer.beg@nu.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103136849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81854914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"66","last_page":"77"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.7926047444343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.740546703338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.7393757104873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.6952871084213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5700029730796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5174604058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.45888620615005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40958860516548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2533227205276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.23239198327064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1282876431941986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0880301296710968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.7926047444343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.740546703338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.7393757104873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.6952871084213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5700029730796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5174604058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45888620615005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40958860516548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2533227205276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.23239198327064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1282876431941986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0880301296710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/icg-190102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/icg-190102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30686695","display_name":"ICGA Journal","issn_l":"1389-6911","issn":["1389-6911","2468-2438"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321919","host_organization_name":"International Computer Games Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321919"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Computer Games Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICGA Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331183","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W788042400","https://openalex.org/W1484769873","https://openalex.org/W1605527696","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1968983388","https://openalex.org/W1970527505","https://openalex.org/W2002558294","https://openalex.org/W2021609393","https://openalex.org/W2027451374","https://openalex.org/W2028208918","https://openalex.org/W2043334098","https://openalex.org/W2047094503","https://openalex.org/W2060020482","https://openalex.org/W2087375718","https://openalex.org/W2113726754","https://openalex.org/W2125693710","https://openalex.org/W2161213945","https://openalex.org/W2168115594","https://openalex.org/W2490603777","https://openalex.org/W2532752874","https://openalex.org/W2757176154","https://openalex.org/W2963690854","https://openalex.org/W6629186471","https://openalex.org/W7006234095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106492215","https://openalex.org/W2326694407","https://openalex.org/W2082859007","https://openalex.org/W2378719652","https://openalex.org/W2115729582","https://openalex.org/W2164831575","https://openalex.org/W2094658154","https://openalex.org/W2370837632","https://openalex.org/W2353187647","https://openalex.org/W4286340544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatically":[0],"generating":[1],"multiple":[2],"levels":[3,46,55,67,77],"and":[4,44,64,75],"creating":[5],"infinite":[6],"game-play":[7],"for":[8,24],"video":[9,26,117],"games":[10],"is":[11],"a":[12,20,31],"complicated":[13],"task.":[14],"In":[15,85],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"we":[18],"introduce":[19],"pattern-based":[21],"level":[22,119],"generator":[23,29,53,107],"general":[25,116],"games.":[27],"Our":[28],"uses":[30],"genetic":[32],"algorithm":[33],"to":[34],"automatically":[35],"generate":[36],"levels.":[37,105],"The":[38,52,106],"fitness":[39,61,73,83],"function":[40,74],"promotes":[41],"contiguous":[42],"patterns":[43],"penalizes":[45],"with":[47],"single":[48],"or":[49],"isolated":[50],"elements.":[51],"generates":[54],"using":[56,70,94],"two":[57],"different":[58],"types":[59],"of":[60,81],"functions;":[62],"\u03b1":[63,66,103],"\u03b2.":[65],"are":[68],"generated":[69,104],"the":[71,79,82,110,114],"original":[72],"\u03b2":[76],"through":[78],"inverse":[80],"function.":[84],"our":[86],"experiments,":[87],"Relative":[88],"performance":[89,101],"profiles":[90],"indicate":[91],"that":[92],"controllers":[93],"more":[95],"advanced":[96],"techniques":[97],"achieve":[98],"better":[99],"overall":[100],"on":[102],"finished":[108],"at":[109],"third":[111],"spot":[112],"in":[113],"2018":[115],"game":[118],"generation":[120],"competition.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}