{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188556089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2074","title":"Edge Forcing in Butterfly Networks","display_name":"Edge Forcing in Butterfly Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188556089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2074","mag":"3188556089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-2021-2074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045494193","display_name":"G. Jessy Sujana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802823369","display_name":"ASA College","ror":"https://ror.org/039h3aa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802823369"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916357946","display_name":"Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/054psm803","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916357946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Jessy Sujana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India","Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802823369","https://openalex.org/I916357946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916357946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088523800","display_name":"T. M. Rajalaxmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20107917","display_name":"Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0108gdg43","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20107917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916357946","display_name":"Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/054psm803","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916357946"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T.M. Rajalaxmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India","Department of Mathematics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India. laxmi.raji18@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916357946","https://openalex.org/I20107917"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India. laxmi.raji18@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916357946","https://openalex.org/I20107917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110573229","display_name":"Indra Rajasingh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indra Rajasingh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600 127, India","VIT University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, 600 127, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VIT University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004238953","display_name":"R. Sundara Rajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-6334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43663321","display_name":"Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/037tgdn13","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43663321"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Sundara Rajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, 603 103, India","Department of Mathematics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, 603 103, India. vprsundar@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, 603 103, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43663321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, 603 103, India. vprsundar@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43663321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088523800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20107917","https://openalex.org/I916357946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12957136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"182","issue":"3","first_page":"285","last_page":"299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12541","display_name":"Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.8166949152946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.7034380435943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6894340515136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.6464380025863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.6119464635848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5480114221572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.49194881319999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4666792154312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4652235209941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butterfly","display_name":"Butterfly","score":0.4450134336948395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.39777278900146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23711228370666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.10249876976013184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8166949152946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.7034380435943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6894340515136719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.6464380025863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.6119464635848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5480114221572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.49194881319999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4666792154312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4652235209941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778605236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1018085","display_name":"Butterfly","level":2,"score":0.4450134336948395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.39777278900146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23711228370666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.10249876976013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-2021-2074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3188556089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37174913","https://openalex.org/W2008586686","https://openalex.org/W2023728975","https://openalex.org/W2056546963","https://openalex.org/W2066853877","https://openalex.org/W2141046366","https://openalex.org/W2143726836","https://openalex.org/W2290990206","https://openalex.org/W2294989683","https://openalex.org/W2325070865","https://openalex.org/W2472486490","https://openalex.org/W2476540827","https://openalex.org/W2909777159","https://openalex.org/W2922073789","https://openalex.org/W2963157019","https://openalex.org/W2963391000","https://openalex.org/W2963481734","https://openalex.org/W3022787899","https://openalex.org/W3100469120","https://openalex.org/W3112231130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188800717","https://openalex.org/W3083906725","https://openalex.org/W2992501865","https://openalex.org/W2080315417","https://openalex.org/W2090003163","https://openalex.org/W3000443148","https://openalex.org/W2888127729","https://openalex.org/W3122022176","https://openalex.org/W1536926864","https://openalex.org/W3083972618","https://openalex.org/W2013923843","https://openalex.org/W3021621097","https://openalex.org/W2768412236","https://openalex.org/W3113444402","https://openalex.org/W1795948810","https://openalex.org/W1566068280","https://openalex.org/W2068582129","https://openalex.org/W50536168","https://openalex.org/W2542588801","https://openalex.org/W1973952022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"zero":[1,60],"forcing":[2,61],"set":[3,6,62,79],"is":[4,80,96,124],"a":[5,11,44,57,109],"S":[7],"of":[8,10,17,37,59,76,91,104,116,129],"vertices":[9,16],"graph":[12,26],"G,":[13,18],"called":[14,81],"forced":[15,41],"which":[19],"are":[20],"able":[21],"to":[22],"force":[23],"the":[24,29,82,88,93,101,113,142],"entire":[25],"by":[27],"applying":[28],"following":[30],"process":[31],"iteratively:":[32],"At":[33],"any":[34,40],"particular":[35],"instance":[36],"time,":[38],"if":[39],"vertex":[42],"has":[43],"unique":[45],"unforced":[46],"neighbor,":[47],"it":[48,69],"forces":[49],"that":[50,63,87,121],"neighbor.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,122],"paper,":[54],"we":[55,99],"introduce":[56],"variant":[58],"induces":[64],"independent":[65],"edges":[66],"and":[67,119,134,136],"name":[68],"as":[70],"edge-forcing":[71,78,83,89,94,102,114],"set.":[72],"The":[73],"minimum":[74],"cardinality":[75],"an":[77,138],"number.":[84],"We":[85,107],"prove":[86,120],"problem":[90],"determining":[92],"number":[95,103,115],"NP-complete.":[97],"Further,":[98],"study":[100],"butterfly":[105,117,127],"networks.":[106],"obtain":[108,137],"lower":[110],"bound":[111,123,140],"on":[112],"networks":[118,128],"tight":[125],"for":[126,141],"dimensions":[130],"2,":[131],"3,":[132],"4":[133],"5":[135],"upper":[139],"higher":[143],"dimensions.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}