{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3181430233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2047","title":"Separating the Words of a Language by Counting Factors","display_name":"Separating the Words of a Language by Counting Factors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3181430233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2047","mag":"3181430233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-2021-2047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031862611","display_name":"Aleksi Saarela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-2317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aleksi Saarela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland. amsaar@utu.fi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland. amsaar@utu.fi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031862611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13150675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"180","issue":"4","first_page":"375","last_page":"393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9642999768257141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5992884039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5250760912895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.493943989276886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46136537194252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-language","display_name":"Regular language","score":0.44592300057411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4391586482524872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.37413284182548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36574313044548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3281269073486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12606850266456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09662851691246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.06496298313140869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5992884039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5250760912895203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.493943989276886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46136537194252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52370388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752532","display_name":"Regular language","level":3,"score":0.44592300057411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4391586482524872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37413284182548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36574313044548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3281269073486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12606850266456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09662851691246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.06496298313140869}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-2021-2047","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2021-2047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1569283511","https://openalex.org/W4236193183","https://openalex.org/W2003033456","https://openalex.org/W2053866214","https://openalex.org/W2296205523","https://openalex.org/W2354989635","https://openalex.org/W4320854783","https://openalex.org/W2946585142","https://openalex.org/W2042919731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,51],"a":[1,22,29,35,58],"given":[2],"language":[3,60],"L,":[4,19],"we":[5,44],"study":[6],"the":[7,48,63],"languages":[8,53,73],"X":[9,26,61],"such":[10],"that":[11,27],"for":[12,70,75],"all":[13,71,76],"distinct":[14],"words":[15],"u,":[16],"v":[17],"\u2208":[18,25],"there":[20,56],"exists":[21],"word":[23],"x":[24],"appears":[28],"different":[30],"number":[31],"of":[32,78,80],"times":[33],"as":[34],"factor":[36],"in":[37,40,47],"u":[38],"and":[39,74],"v.":[41],"In":[42],"particular,":[43],"are":[45],"interested":[46],"following":[49],"question:":[50],"which":[52],"L":[54],"does":[55],"exist":[57],"finite":[59],"satisfying":[62],"above":[64],"condition?":[65],"We":[66],"answer":[67],"this":[68],"question":[69],"regular":[72],"sets":[77],"factors":[79],"infinite":[81],"words.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}