{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1935978016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2009-159","title":"Particle Swarm Optimization Based Object Tracking","display_name":"Particle Swarm Optimization Based Object Tracking","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1935978016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2009-159","mag":"1935978016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-2009-159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2009-159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091722048","display_name":"Bogdan Kwolek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-1435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111664937","display_name":"Rzesz\u00f3w University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/056xse072","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98559091","display_name":"University of Rzesz\u00f3w","ror":"https://ror.org/03pfsnq21","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98559091"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan Kwolek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rzesz\u00f3w University of Technology,\r\t\t\t Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland. E-mail: bkwolek@prz.edu.pl","Rzesz\u00f3w University of Technology, Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland. E-mail: bkwolek@prz.edu.pl"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rzesz\u00f3w University of Technology,\r\t\t\t Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland. E-mail: bkwolek@prz.edu.pl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111664937","https://openalex.org/I98559091"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rzesz\u00f3w University of Technology, Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland. E-mail: bkwolek@prz.edu.pl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111664937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091722048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111664937","https://openalex.org/I98559091"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6566,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69298541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"4","first_page":"449","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6711532473564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6187088489532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.548018753528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.5460094213485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","score":0.5075013041496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.49976181983947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4922100603580475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.47870567440986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3955390751361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3394518196582794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22722259163856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12083509564399719}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6711532473564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6187088489532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.548018753528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.5460094213485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5075013041496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.49976181983947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4922100603580475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.47870567440986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3955390751361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3394518196582794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22722259163856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12083509564399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-2009-159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-2009-159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481420047","https://openalex.org/W1483307070","https://openalex.org/W1495166759","https://openalex.org/W1544324307","https://openalex.org/W1549083695","https://openalex.org/W1576426930","https://openalex.org/W1594812159","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2096196978","https://openalex.org/W2100214067","https://openalex.org/W2103876808","https://openalex.org/W2115350182","https://openalex.org/W2124156864","https://openalex.org/W2126736494","https://openalex.org/W2130322565","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2155233997","https://openalex.org/W2159128898","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2171107890","https://openalex.org/W2402846924","https://openalex.org/W2613779721","https://openalex.org/W2911709767","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965421953","https://openalex.org/W2349895019","https://openalex.org/W2950423922","https://openalex.org/W2116074880","https://openalex.org/W2121780490","https://openalex.org/W2070977815","https://openalex.org/W2137136732","https://openalex.org/W2132113279","https://openalex.org/W2113224065","https://openalex.org/W2368795850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,45,87,104,120],"particle":[4,29,50],"swarm":[5,30,51],"optimization":[6,52],"based":[7],"algorithm":[8,115],"for":[9],"object":[10,22,37,64,100],"tracking":[11,102],"in":[12,31,55,76,86,117],"image":[13],"sequences.":[14],"The":[15,113],"parametric":[16],"models":[17],"of":[18,20,78,94],"variability":[19],"the":[21,28,35,40,49,59,62,79,92,99,108],"appearance":[23,68,109],"are":[24,42,111],"employed":[25],"to":[26,33,57],"shift":[27],"order":[32,56],"cover":[34],"promising":[36],"location.":[38],"Afterwards":[39],"particles":[41,60,80],"drawn":[43],"from":[44],"Gaussian":[46],"distribution.":[47],"Then":[48],"takes":[53],"place":[54],"concentrate":[58],"near":[61],"true":[63],"state.":[65],"A":[66],"grayscale":[67],"model":[69],"that":[70],"is":[71,74],"learned":[72],"online":[73],"utilized":[75],"evaluation":[77],"score.":[81],"Experimental":[82],"results":[83],"thatwere":[84],"obtained":[85],"typical":[88],"office":[89],"environment":[90],"show":[91],"feasibility":[93],"our":[95],"approach,":[96],"especially":[97],"when":[98],"undergoing":[101],"has":[103],"rapid":[105],"motion":[106],"or":[107],"changes":[110],"considerable.":[112],"resulting":[114],"runs":[116],"real-time":[118],"on":[119],"standard":[121],"computer.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}