{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1504039233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-1997-303412","title":"Contingency Tables as the Foundation for Concepts, Concept Hierarchies, and Rules: The 49er System Approach","display_name":"Contingency Tables as the Foundation for Concepts, Concept Hierarchies, and Rules: The 49er System Approach","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1504039233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-1997-303412","mag":"1504039233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-1997-303412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-1997-303412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078955410","display_name":"Jan M. \u017bytkow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087266","display_name":"Institute of Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/003fvp964","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan M. \u017bytkow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC. 28223, USA","(also Instytut Podstaw Informatyki, PAN, Ordona 21, 01-237 Warszawa, Poland. zytkow@uncc.edu, robert@cs.twsu.edu) Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlot "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC. 28223, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(also Instytut Podstaw Informatyki, PAN, Ordona 21, 01-237 Warszawa, Poland. zytkow@uncc.edu, robert@cs.twsu.edu) Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlot ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014001810","display_name":"Robert Zembowicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Zembowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC. 28223, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC. 28223, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5985,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73706393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3,4","first_page":"383","last_page":"399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9524999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency-table","display_name":"Contingency table","score":0.85954749584198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency","display_name":"Contingency","score":0.7506206035614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.5832652449607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.5322527885437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truth-table","display_name":"Truth table","score":0.5073830485343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5040777921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.41147828102111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.29906222224235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2876511514186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1896800994873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.07078135013580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.05857780575752258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91998498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541178","display_name":"Contingency table","level":2,"score":0.85954749584198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97508593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069","display_name":"Contingency","level":2,"score":0.7506206035614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.5832652449607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.5322527885437012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56949724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219079","display_name":"Truth table","level":2,"score":0.5073830485343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5040777921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41147828102111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.29906222224235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2876511514186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1896800994873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07078135013580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.05857780575752258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-1997-303412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-1997-303412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9163877","https://openalex.org/W34391569","https://openalex.org/W2017426411","https://openalex.org/W2025664492","https://openalex.org/W2062126323","https://openalex.org/W2073308541","https://openalex.org/W2090439938","https://openalex.org/W2323746689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2796920651","https://openalex.org/W3001524306","https://openalex.org/W4206843815","https://openalex.org/W2168242335","https://openalex.org/W2898981659","https://openalex.org/W2569278110","https://openalex.org/W90891034","https://openalex.org/W4200363804","https://openalex.org/W2105693220","https://openalex.org/W2119476919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,28],"analyze":[1],"relationships":[2],"between":[3],"different":[4],"forms":[5],"of":[6],"knowledge":[7],"that":[8,30],"can":[9],"be":[10],"discovered":[11],"in":[12],"the":[13],"same":[14],"data":[15],"matrix":[16],"(relational":[17],"table):":[18],"contingency":[19,31],"tables,":[20],"equations,":[21],"concept":[22,24],"definitions,":[23],"hierarchies,":[25],"and":[26],"rules.":[27],"argue":[29],"tables":[32],"are":[33]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-02T06:04:40.494371","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
