{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1539595662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-1995-232346","title":"MANAGING MULTIPLE KNOWLEDGE SOURCES IN CONSTRAINT-BASED PARSING OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE","display_name":"MANAGING MULTIPLE KNOWLEDGE SOURCES IN CONSTRAINT-BASED PARSING OF SPOKEN LANGUAGE","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1539595662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-1995-232346","mag":"1539595662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-1995-232346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-1995-232346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113657967","display_name":"Mary P. Harper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mary P. Harper","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, 1285 Electrical Engineering Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1285, USA. {harper, helz}@ecn.purdue.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, 1285 Electrical Engineering Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1285, USA. {harper, helz}@ecn.purdue.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086640685","display_name":"Randall A. Helzerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall A. Helzerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, 1285 Electrical Engineering Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1285, USA. {harper, helz}@ecn.purdue.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, 1285 Electrical Engineering Building, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1285, USA. {harper, helz}@ecn.purdue.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113657967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4292,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89074728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2-4","first_page":"303","last_page":"353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7368017435073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.7232075333595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6365283131599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.6147500276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5449740290641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.510639488697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-up-parsing","display_name":"Bottom-up parsing","score":0.41730791330337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-down-parsing","display_name":"Top-down parsing","score":0.39848804473876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.38174185156822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10066178441047668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7368017435073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7232075333595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6365283131599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.6147500276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5449740290641785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.510639488697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60690694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q894902","display_name":"Bottom-up parsing","level":4,"score":0.41730791330337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42560504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15419395","display_name":"Top-down parsing","level":3,"score":0.39848804473876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38174185156822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10066178441047668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/fi-1995-232346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/fi-1995-232346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39012697","display_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","issn_l":"0169-2968","issn":["0169-2968","1875-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fundamenta Informaticae","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60719142","https://openalex.org/W98148230","https://openalex.org/W1486247954","https://openalex.org/W1487057908","https://openalex.org/W1516140354","https://openalex.org/W1524975733","https://openalex.org/W1574245168","https://openalex.org/W1597474747","https://openalex.org/W1607315325","https://openalex.org/W1757013868","https://openalex.org/W1965022641","https://openalex.org/W1974197664","https://openalex.org/W1980204294","https://openalex.org/W1981743645","https://openalex.org/W2001722583","https://openalex.org/W2005814556","https://openalex.org/W2043794661","https://openalex.org/W2053309264","https://openalex.org/W2059193010","https://openalex.org/W2096619464","https://openalex.org/W2100448187","https://openalex.org/W2100463420","https://openalex.org/W2119456262","https://openalex.org/W2121924470","https://openalex.org/W2130630493","https://openalex.org/W2136261870","https://openalex.org/W2136374365","https://openalex.org/W2138037655","https://openalex.org/W2147826591","https://openalex.org/W2148546044","https://openalex.org/W2153953322","https://openalex.org/W2157213253","https://openalex.org/W2161160885","https://openalex.org/W2167702024","https://openalex.org/W2168818382","https://openalex.org/W2319542826","https://openalex.org/W2610522837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3143982968","https://openalex.org/W3088470625","https://openalex.org/W2952780262","https://openalex.org/W3035970863","https://openalex.org/W2619584063","https://openalex.org/W2970260326","https://openalex.org/W2804916787","https://openalex.org/W2389755172","https://openalex.org/W2142145894","https://openalex.org/W4320024782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"describe":[4],"a":[5,12,24,49,62,99,110,118,149],"system":[6,56,66],"which":[7,81],"is":[8,131],"capable":[9],"of":[10,14,60,89,113],"utilizing":[11],"variety":[13],"knowledge":[15,28],"sources":[16,29],"to":[17,40,83,97,102,138,147],"select":[18],"the":[19,46,55,78,84,87,92,103,129,141],"most":[20],"appropriate":[21],"parse":[22,47],"for":[23,48,67,154],"spoken":[25,105],"sentence.":[26,50],"These":[27],"include":[30],"syntax,":[31],"semantics,":[32],"and":[33,124],"contextual":[34,42],"information.":[35],"We":[36],"discuss":[37],"one":[38],"way":[39],"utilize":[41],"information":[43],"when":[44],"determining":[45],"At":[51],"its":[52],"simplest":[53],"level,":[54],"can":[57],"be":[58,75],"thought":[59],"as":[61],"general-purpose":[63],"query":[64],"answering":[65],"multiple":[68,155],"topical":[69],"databases.":[70,156],"The":[71],"user's":[72,104],"input":[73],"would":[74],"processed":[76],"by":[77,117],"language":[79],"processor":[80],"interfaces":[82],"databases":[85],"with":[86,91],"goal":[88],"interacting":[90],"correct":[93],"database":[94],"in":[95],"order":[96],"provide":[98],"reasonable":[100],"answer":[101],"request.":[106],"Initially,":[107],"it":[108,134],"analyzes":[109],"word":[111],"graph":[112],"sentence":[114],"hypotheses":[115],"provided":[116],"speech":[119],"recognizer":[120],"using":[121],"general":[122,151],"syntactic":[123],"semantic":[125],"rules.":[126],"Then,":[127],"if":[128],"utterance":[130],"still":[132],"ambiguous,":[133],"utilizes":[135],"context-specific":[136],"constraints":[137],"further":[139],"refine":[140],"analysis.":[142],"This":[143],"brings":[144],"us":[145],"closer":[146],"developing":[148],"more":[150],"purpose":[152],"interface":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
